Calycosin‑7‑O‑β‑D‑glucoside downregulates mitophagy by mitigating mitochondrial fission to protect HT22 cells from oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reperfusion‑induced injury.

Calycosin‑7‑O‑β‑D‑glucoside (CG), a major active ingredient of Astragali Radix, exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia; however, whether the effects of CG are associated with mitochondrial protection remains unclear. The present study explored the role of CG in improving mitochondrial function in a HT22 cell model of oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to investigate the effects of CG on mitochondrial function.

Kaempferol improves depression-like behaviors through shifting microglia polarization and suppressing NLRP3 via tilting the balance of PPARγ and STAT1 signaling.

Background: The pathogenesis of depression is largely influenced by dyshomeostasis of neuroinflammation regulated by microglia M1/M2 polarization, and NLRP3 inflammasome acts critical roles in shifting microglia polarization. Kaempferol (Kae), a major flavonoid in edible plants, possesses anti-inflammation and anti-depression capacity, but its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of antidepressive effect have not yet fully explored.

Methods: In vivo studies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive mice were carried out to evaluate antidepressant effect of Kae.

Protective effects of atractylenolide III on oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury in HT22 cells.

Background: Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural bioactive compound, that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, whether ATL III can protect against neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) have not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ATL III on neuronal injury using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells.

Integration of network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the active components and molecular mechanism of modified Danzhi Xiaoyao San in the treatment of depression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Modified Danzhi Xiaoyao San (MDXS) is an effective clinical prescription for depression in China, which was deprived of Danzhi Xiaoyao San in the Ming Dynasty. MDSX has significant implications for the development of new antidepressants, but its pharmacological mechanism has been rarely studied.

Aim Of The Study: To reveal the active components and molecular mechanism of MDXS in treating depression through network pharmacology and experimental verification in vivo and in vitro.

Modified Danzhi XiaoyaoSan inhibits neuroinflammation via regulating TRIM31/NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of CUMS depression.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is critically involved in the development of depression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 negatively regulates this process by promoting the degradation of NLRP3 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Modified Danzhi Xiaoyaosan (MDZXYS) has shown good therapeutic effect in both preclinical and clinical depression treatments, yet the underlying mechanisms of its antidepressant effects are not fully understood.

Quercetin and Kaempferol inhibit HMC-1 activation via SOCE/NFATc2 signaling and suppress hippocampal mast cell activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive mice.

Objective And Design: Mast cells (MCs), as the fastest immune responders, play a critical role in the progression of neuroinflammation-related diseases, especially in depression. Quercetin (Que) and kaempferol (Kae), as two major diet-derived flavonoids, inhibit MC activation and exhibit significant antidepressant effect due to their anti-inflammatory capacity. The study aimed to explore the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of Que and Kae on MC activation, and whether Que and Kae suppress hippocampal mast cell activation in LPS-induced depressive mice.

Combination of paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucoside alleviates ischaemic stroke injury via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.

Context: Paeoniflorin (PF) and calycosin-7-glucoside (CG, Pall. extract) have demonstrated protective effects in ischaemic stroke.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effects of PF + CG on ischaemia/reperfusion injury and .

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on Blood and Brain Tissue in Rats with Normal and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Microdialysis with HPLC-MS/MS.

Objective: The aim of our research was to analyze and compare the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin, calycosin, calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside, and 6-gingerol in the blood and brain tissue of normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats by HPLC-MS/MS method.

Methods: The blood and brain tissue samples of normal and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were compared. The blood and brain tissue samples were collected by using microdialysis technique.

Calycosin-7----glucoside Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Damage by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via the SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1 Pathway in HT22 Cells.

Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is a major pathological process that occurs after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Calycosin-7----glucoside (CG) is a representative component of isoflavones in (RA). Previous studies have shown that CG has potential neuroprotective effects.

Cell Chromatography-Based Screening of the Active Components in Buyang Huanwu Decoction Promoting Axonal Regeneration.

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), a popular formulation prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of ischemic stroke, has been reported to have a potential role in promoting axonal regeneration. The purpose of the study was to screen and identify bioactive compounds from BHD using live PC12 cells coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Using this approach, we successfully identified six bioactive components from BHD.

Erythrocyte membrane affinity chromatography, solid-phase extraction and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS to screen active ingredients of Buyang Huanwu decoction.

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used to treat ischemic brain damage which is associated with hemorheology. To screen active ingredients in BHD responsible for reducing blood viscosity by reducing red blood cell (RBC) lesions to treat ischemic stroke, a method involving RBC membrane binding and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed in this study. The components of BHD interacting with RBC were analyzed by mass spectrometry and four compounds, calycosin, paeoniflorin, 6-hydroxy behenol-3,6-di--glucoside and calycosin-7--β-d-glucoside, showed binding affinity to RBCs.