Unraveling the mechanisms of multiple resistance across glyphosate and glufosinate in Eleusine indica.

The herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate are commonly used in citrus and sugarcane orchards in Guangxi Province, China, wherein the C plant Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. is known to be a dominant weed species.

Trp-574-Leu and the novel Pro-197-His/Leu mutations contribute to penoxsulam resistance in (L.) P. Beauv.

Recently, due to the widespread use of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide penoxsulam in paddy fields in China, (L.) P. Beauv.

Effects of a Novel Tripyrasulfone Herbicide on Key Soil Enzyme Activities in Paddy Rice Soil.

Weeds significantly impact paddy yields, and herbicides offer a cost-effective, rapid, and efficient solution compared to manual weeding, ensuring agricultural productivity. Tripyrasulfone, a novel 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor developed by Qingdao Kingagroot Chemicals Co., Ltd.

Responses of soil enzymes, bacterial communities and soil nitrification to the pre-emergence herbicide pyroxasulfone.

Pyroxasulfone is a relatively new herbicide that is sprayed on soils to control grassy weeds and some broadleaf weeds during the cultivation of agronomic crops. However, information regarding its environmental risks to soil ecosystems is currently limited. Here, the response of soil characteristics and soil bacterial communities to pyroxasulfone exposure were evaluated.

The herbicidal activity of pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin and its potential risks on soil ecology: pH, enzyme activities and bacterial community.

Background: The herbicide cinmethylin, which was originally registered for use in rice fields, has the potential to control grass weeds in wheat fields before the emergence of wheat. However, its herbicidal activity against various troublesome grass weeds that infest wheat fields in China and its relationships with soil pH, soil enzymes and soil bacteria are not well known. Here, the effects of applying cinmethylin on the soil surface were tested on six grass weeds, and its impacts on soil characteristics, including the soil pH, soil enzymes and bacterial community, were evaluated.

Distribution and Mechanism of Japanese Brome () Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in China.

is a common monocot weed that occurs in major winter wheat fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. Pyroxsulam is a highly efficient and safe acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide that is widely used to control common weeds in wheat fields. However, populations in China have evolved resistance to pyroxsulam by different mutations in the gene.

Target gene mutations endowed cross-resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in wild Brassica juncea.

Wild Brassica juncea is a troublesome weed that infests wheat fields in China. Two suspected wild B. juncea populations (19-5 and 19-6) resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors were collected from wheat fields in China.

Enhanced metabolic resistance mechanism endows resistance to metamifop in Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

gene overexpression and enhanced metabolism conferring resistance to nicosulfuron in China.

Crabgrass () is a common malignant weed in corn fields in China. Recently, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, nicosulfuron, has shown decreasing efficacy against crabgrass. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of resistance to nicosulfuron in crabgrass, we conducted bioassays, combined with gene sequence analysis, relative expression and relative copy number analysis, to characterize resistance in crabgrass populations collected from Beijing, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Anhui provinces.

Enhanced absorption in perovskite solar cells by incorporating gold triangle nanostructures.

Perovskite has emerged as an outstanding light-absorbing material, leading to significant advancements in solar cell efficiency. Further improvements can be made by restructuring the internal optical properties of perovskite. In this study, we investigate the impact of gold triangle nanostructures on perovskite absorption rates, and we explore the optimization of surface plasmon resonance to enhance its solar absorption efficiency.

Potential Role of EPSPS Mutations in the Resistance of to Glyphosate.

Gene mutation is a basic evolutionary mechanism in plants under selection pressure of herbicides. Such mutation has pleiotropic effects on plant growth. We systemically investigated the effects of Pro106Leu (P106L), Pro106Ser (P106S), and Thr102Ile + Pro106Ser (TIPS) mutations on EPSPS functionality and fitness traits in at the biochemical and physiological levels.

Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Nicosulfuron in .

The green foxtail, (L.) P. Beauv.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac accelerates the emergence of antibiotic resistance via mutagenesis.

Overuse of antimicrobial agents are generally considered to be a key factor in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether ARB can be induced by non-antibiotic chemicals such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether NSAID diclofenac (DCF) promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli K12 MG1655.

Field-realistic dose of cefotaxime enhances potential mobility of β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

With large amounts of cephalosporin end up in natural ecosystems, water has been acknowledged as the large reservoir of β-lactam resistance over the past decades. However, there is still insufficient knowledge available on the function of the living organisms to the transmission of antibiotic resistance. For this reason, in this study, using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as animal model, exposing them to environmentally relevant dose of cefotaxime for 150 days, we asked whether cefotaxime contamination accelerated β-lactam resistance in gut microbiota as well as its potential transmission.

EST-SSR Markers' Development Based on RNA-Sequencing and Their Application in Population Genetic Structure and Diversity Analysis of in China.

Goosegrass () is one of the worst agricultural weeds in China. Molecular markers were developed for genetic diversity and population structure analyses. In this study, we identified 8391 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers from the de novo assembled unigenes of Mononucleotides were the most abundant type of repeats (3591, 42.

Metabolism Difference Is Involved in Mesosulfuron-Methyl Selectivity between and .

The acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor mesosulfuron-methyl is currently the only selective herbicide to control in wheat fields; however, the mechanism underlying this selectivity remains unclear. Results showed that the tolerance of to mesosulfuron-methyl was much higher than . Mesosulfuron-methyl inhibited the in vitro ALS activity of and similarly, but the predicted structural interactions of ALS with mesosulfuron-methyl and induced expression of were different in the two species.

PsbA gene over-expression and enhanced metabolism conferring resistance to atrazine in Commelina communis.

Commelina communis L. is a troublesome weed in agronomic fields and increasingly threatens the yield security of corn in north-eastern China. Previously, we found that a C.

Investigating the Metabolic Mesosulfuron-Methyl Resistance in Coss. By Transcriptome Sequencing Combined with the Reference Genome.

Coss. is a malignant weed in wheat fields in China, its herbicide resistance has been threatening crop production. This study identified one mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant(R) population, JJMHN2018-05 (R), without target resistance mutations.

Metagenomic insights into comparative study of nitrogen metabolic potential and microbial community between primitive and urban river sediments.

As a result of anthropogenic pollution, the nitrogen nutrients load in urban rivers has increased, potentially raising the risk of river eutrophication. Here, we studied how anthropogenic impacts alter nitrogen metabolism in river sediments by comparing the metagenomic function of microbial communities between relatively primitive and human-disturbed sediments. The contents of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), NO-N and NO-N were higher in primitive site than in polluted sites, which might be due to vegetation density, sediment type, hydrology, etc.

High Antioxidant Ability Confer Resistance to Atrazine in L.

Asiatic dayflower ( L.) is a detrimental weed that mainly infests corn and soybean fields in China. Recently, some populations have exhibited resistance to atrazine, intensifying the difficulties in controlling the weed.

Vegetative and Fecundity Fitness Benefit Found in a Glyphosate-Resistant Population Caused by 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Overexpression.

Fitness is an important trait in weed species that have developed herbicide resistance, including resistance to the popular herbicide glyphosate. Fitness cost is commonly found in weeds with glyphosate resistance, which is caused by target-site mutations. In this study, the vegetative and fecundity fitness traits in a glyphosate-resistant (GR) population caused by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase () overexpression were investigated under glyphosate-free conditions.

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in (Coss.) under Different Abiotic Stresses.

(Coss.) is an aggressive and serious annual grass weed in China. Its DD genome is a rich source of genetic material and performs better under different abiotic stress conditions (salinity, drought, temperature, etc.

Genetic Diversity and Synergistic Modulation of Salinity Tolerance Genes in Coss.

Coss. (2n = 2x = 14, DD) is a problematic weed and a rich source of genetic material for wheat crop improvement programs. We used physiological traits (plant height, dry weight biomass, Na and K concentration) and 14 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and salinity tolerance in 40 populations.