Reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of the Early Onset Scoliosis-24-Item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24).

Background: It is important to use standard assessment tools to quantify the impact of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) on the health-related quality of life of these children and their caregivers. In this study we aimed to translate and validate the simplified Chinese version of the Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire-24 (EOSQ-24) in order to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and caregiver burden among patients with EOS from mainland China.

Methods: EOSQ-24 was forward-and-backward translated according to standard protocols, culturally adapted, and administered to patients fulfilling specific inclusion criteria and recruited between February and December 2015.

Impaired fear memory extinction during adolescence is accompanied by the depressive-like behaviors.

Fear is the emotion that is best understood in terms of brain mechanisms. And the management of fear memories is important when facing mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress. Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development and the ability to deal with the fear memory in adolescence may be a potent factor for developing mental disorders in adulthood.

Comparative analysis of the two extremes of -mutated autosomal dominant disease spectrum: from clinical phenotypes to cellular and molecular findings.

Non-randomly distributed missense mutations of () can lead to a spectrum of autosomal dominant-inherited skeletal malformations caused by bone hypoplasia, including Larsen syndrome (LS), atelosteogenesi-I (AO-I), atelosteogenesi-I (AO-III) and boomerang dysplasia (BD). Among this spectrum of diseases, LS causes a milder hypoplasia of the skeletal system, compared to BD's much more severe symptoms. Previous studies revealed limited molecular mechanisms of related diseases but most of them were carried out with HEK293 cells from the kidney which could not reproduce s specificity to skeletal tissues.