Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Biomass Waste Pyrolysis Kinetics from Preliminary Analysis.

In the present work, artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning models are developed to predict biomass pyrolysis kinetics. Data sets of thermogravimetric analysis and feedstock characterization from a diverse range of biomasses were used to build and test the networks. The composition of the raw biomass material was classified and used as input parameters of ANN models.

Photoinduced Vitamin-B-Catalyzed -C-H Bromination/Chlorination of Phenol Derivatives Assisted by a U-Shaped Nitrile Template.

A photoinduced vitamin-B-catalyzed -C-H bromination/chlorination of phenol derivatives was established using a nitrile directing template and -bromosuccinimide (NBS)/-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as halogenated reagents, and a series of -bromination/chlorination products were obtained in yields of 51 to 80%. This strategy overcame the selectivity problem of phenols, which have difficulty obtaining -products through conventional electrophilic reactions. Furthermore, natural product resveratrol and an intermediate of the γ-secretase inhibitor were successfully synthesized, which demonstrates the practicability of this method.

Photoredox-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of 2-indazoles using TT-CFOTf in ionic liquids.

A protocol for metal and oxidant free photoredox catalyzed trifluoromethylation of 2-indazoles was developed by using Eosin Y as the photocatalyst and recoverable ionic liquids as the solvents. A series of trifluoromethylated products were obtained in moderate to good yields in this protocol under mild conditions. The reaction proceeded a free-radical mechanism with a broad substrate range, excellent regioselectivity, and good functional group tolerance.

Design of Light-Activated Nanoplatform through Boosting "Eat Me" Signals for Improved CD47-Blocking Immunotherapy.

Here, the authors propose a light-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoplatform that can boost immunogenic cell death (ICD) to release "eat me" signals, and improve CD47-blocking immunotherapy by tumor-targeted codelivery of photosensitizer IR820 and anti-CD47 antibody (αCD47). Human serum albumin and αCD47 are first constructed into a single nanoparticle using ROS-responsive linkers, which are further conjugated with photosensitizer IR820 via a matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive peptide as linker and then modified with poly(ethylene glycol) on the surface of the obtained nanoparticles. When exposed to the first wave of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the obtained nanoplatform (M-IR820/αCD47@NP) can generate ROS, which triggers nanoparticles dissociation and thus, facilitates the release of αCD47 and IR820.

Tumor microenvironment-activated therapeutic peptide-conjugated prodrug nanoparticles for enhanced tumor penetration and local T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment.

Nanomedicine-based chemoimmunotherapy has shown a great potential for cancer therapies application in recent years. However, most nanoparticles still face a problem of low accumulation and limited penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic drugs into solid tumors. Here, we developed a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activable therapeutic peptide-conjugated prodrug nanoparticle for enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic antitumor effects of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

[Study on traditional processing method of Mongolian medicine and excipient usage based on data mining].

This paper explores Mongolian medicine processing methods and the use regularity of excipient by text mining techniques. Relevant books of Mongolian medicine processing were consulted to collect data on Mongolian medicine processing methods and excipient, and select data based on processing methods and excipient noun frequency statistics. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for statistical analysis and mining for the usage regularity of different types of Mongolian medicinal materials in different periods.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive prodrug nanoplatform via co-self-assembly of photothermal agent and IDO inhibitor for enhanced tumor penetration and cancer immunotherapy.

Nanomedicine-based phototherapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been reported as a promising strategy for improved cancer immunotherapy. However, tumor penetration of nanomedicine into solid tumor is still an unresolved obstacle to an effective drug delivery, leading to limitations in their applications. Here, we developed a tumor microenvironment-responsive prodrug nanoplatform for efficient penetration and photo-immunotherapy of cancer.

Antigen-Inorganic Hybrid Flowers-Based Vaccines with Enhanced Room Temperature Stability and Effective Anticancer Immunity.

Particle-based antigen carriers as adjuvants play an important role in vaccine development. Herein, an antigen-inorganic hybrid flower-like particle is developed as a novel vaccine carrier. Model antigen ovalbumin (OVA)-copper (II) sulfate hybrid vaccines (OVA-Cu-HVs) are mildly and facilely constructed through a biomimetic mineralization process.

Nanoscale Reduced Graphene Oxide-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Together with IDO Inhibition and PD-L1 Blockade Synergistically Promote Antitumor Immunity.

Despite the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for effective treatment of cancer, this therapeutic modality is not generally curative, and only a fraction of patients respond. Combination approaches provide strategies to target multiple antitumor immune pathways to induce synergistic antitumor immunity. Here, a multi-combination immunotherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition, and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade, is introduced for inducing synergistic antitumor immunity.

Alum-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomplexes for effective anticancer vaccination.

Aluminum-based adjuvant (e.g., aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH), known as the commercial Alhydrogel® (Alum)) is the first adjuvant to be used in human vaccines.

[Status analysis and strategic thinking on Mongolian medicine standardization].

Standardization is the progress of human civilization. It is also an important technical system for normalizing economy and social development and a basic element in the core competitive power of a country. This paper emphasized on the importance of accelerating the standardization of Mongolian medicine for international development of national medicine and improving the international competitiveness.

Misdiagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) is a rare endocrine condition, which is frequently represented by neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, the misdiagnosis rate of the disease is rather high, especially for neurologists.

Patient Concerns: We reported a case of misdiagnosed, atypical IHP.

[Variety systematization and research progress of Mongolian medicine "Bashaga"].

Mongolian medicine is the traditional drug with the theory of Mongolian medicine and pharmacy as a guide, which made a great contribution to the survival and development of the Mongolian people. Mongolian medicine "Bashaga" faced the situations of origin is unclear, and clinical therapy is confused and so on. This paper summarizes the original plants and studies the species textual research and ethnopharmacology of Mongolian medicine "Bashaga".

Dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate based-highly cross-linked hybrid monolithic column: Preparation and its applications for ultrahigh efficiency separation of proteins.

In this study, multi-acrylate based dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate (DPEPA) was exploited for fabrication of highly cross-linked hybrid monolithic column by copolymerization with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane methacryl substituted (POSS-MA) via a "one-pot" method. The new DPEPA-POSS hybrid monolithic column was respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement. When it was used for the separation of amides, thioureas and positional isomers of phenols, ultrahigh column efficiency separation (up to 511,000 N m) was achieved with excellent selectivity.

Cationic Ionic Liquids Organic Ligands Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Fabrication of Core-Shell Microspheres for Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography.

In this study, new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanocrystals modified SiO2 core-shell microspheres were designed with cationic ionic liquids (ILs) 1,3-bis(4-carboxybutyl)imidazolium bromide (ILI) as organic ligands. By further adjustment the growth cycles, the new ILI-01@SiO2 core-shell stationary phase was facilely fabricated. The developed stationary phase was respectively characterized via element analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.

[Effect of Bear Bile Powder and Its Succedaneum on Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes in Mouse Model with Thrombocytopenia Induced by Cytosine Arabinoside].

Objective: To investigate the effect of bear bile powder and ursodesxy cholic acid (UDCA) on peripheral blood, bone marrow megakaryocyte and immune organs in mouse model with thrombocytopenia, so as to provide a reference for studying the curative effects of bear bile powder and its succedaneum on thrombocytopenic purpura (TP).

Methods: The mouse model with thrombocytopenia indued by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was established, a total of 70 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, prednisone group, bear bile (middle and high dose) powder group and UDCA (middle and high dose) group. From the first day of making model mice in the each group, 0.

Correlation of rs1799793 polymorphism in ERCC2 and the clinical response to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes may affect the repair capacity of DNA damages and cause different responses towards chemotherapy. Excision repair cross-complementing group 2 (ERCC2) plays an important role in the nucleotide excision repair.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ERCC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy among patients with triple negative breast cancer.

Protective effect of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides against low- and high-LET irradiation.

Background/aims: CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic DNA sequences containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine motifs with potent immunomodulatory effects. Previous reports showed a powerful protective effect of CpG-ODN against the damage induced by low-LET γ-rays. In this study, we explored whether CpG-ODN also protects against the damage induced by high-LET irradiation.

Investigation of uterine arterial chemoembolization and uterine arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer before radical radiotherapy: a long-term follow-up study.

Purpose: To investigate the contribution of uterine arterial chemoembolization (UACE) and uterine arterial infusion chemotherapy (UAIC) to advanced cervical cancer before radical radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 735 patients with primary advanced cervical cancer were retrospectively studied; of these patients, 299 were classified as FIGO stage II, 359 as stage III and 77 as stage IVa. 126 underwent UACE, 103 underwent UAIC before radiotherapy, and 506 received radical radiotherapy alone (RT).

[Clinical significance of peripheral blood circular DNA level measurements in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: To explore clinical value of circular DNA in acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: Venous blood (2 ml/head) of 40 healthy control and 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction within 48h of onset of illness and convalescent period was collected. The level of plasma circular DNA was detected by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.

[The relationship between CD44 and immune escape in gastric carcinoma].

Aim: To study the relationship between CD44 and gastric carcinoma cells.

Methods: The rate and mean fluorecence intension of CD44 cells were detected by flow cytometry.

Results: The rate of CD44' cells was 93.

[Clinical value of the comprehensive treatment in intermediate and advanced cervical cancer with uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization and radiotherapy].

Objective: To investigate the long-term curative effect of the radiotherapy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization for cervical cancer.

Methods: Records of 632 patients with cervical cancer stage II - IVa proved by pathology in Lanzhou Command General Hospital from January 1st, 1999 to August 31st, 2009 were retrospective analysed. One hundred and twenty-six cases of them were treated with radical radiotherapy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization (arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group), 506 cases of them were treated with radical radiotherapy only (radiotherapy group); the evaluation of the late radiation injury was done, according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) advanced radiation injury criteria.

[Analyses of epidemiology in 363 cases of clavicle fractures].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological features of clavicle fractures.

Methods: A total of 363 cases of clavicle fractures were treated from February 1993 to November 2002, their case history data were reviewed and evaluated by epidemiological method.

Results: Out of 363 cases, there were 269 males and 94 females, aged from new born to 96 years.