Unlocking the intermediate-phase evolution in perovskite crystallization with an operando infrared FEWS sensor.

The intermediate phase produced by the complexation of metal ions and solvent molecules usually occurs in the crystallization process of perovskite single crystal or film. Effective monitoring of intermediate-phase evolution is beneficial to the control of crystal quality. However, it is difficult to realize.

Energy Band Alignment and Defect Synergistic Regulation Enable Air-Solution-Processed Kesterite Solar Cells With the Lowest V Deficit.

The major challenge in preparing high-performance CuZnSn(S,Se) solar cells is the large open circuit voltage deficit (V-def). A new strategy utilizing the synergistic substitution of Ag and In dual cations has been proposed to simultaneously address the problems of undesirable interface band alignment and high-density detrimental bulk defects, obtaining decreased carrier recombination rate and increased minority carrier lifetime. The shorter In-S/Se bonds move the CBM higher by generating stronger repulsive force than the Sn-S/Se bonds, thus adjusting the interface band alignment.

Rapid Thermal-Driven Crystal Growth and Defect Suppression in Antimony Selenide Thin Film for Efficient Solar Cells.

Antimony selenide (SbSe) has demonstrated considerable potential and advancement as a light-absorbing material for thin-film solar cells owing to its exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. However, challenges persist in the crystal growth, particularly regarding the nucleation mechanism during pre-selenization process for SbSe. The defects originating from this process significantly impact the quality of the absorber layer, leading to the degradation in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device.

NaBi/NaVO Hybrid Interfacial Layer Enables Stable and Dendrite-Free Sodium Anodes.

The challenges of sodium metal anodes, including formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites during charge-discharge cycles, impact the stability and safety of sodium metal batteries. Motivated by the promising commercialization potential of sodium metal batteries, it becomes imperative to systematically explore innovative protective interlayers specifically tailored for sodium metal anodes. In this work, a NaBi/NaVO hybrid and porous interfacial layer on sodium anode is successfully fabricated via pretreating sodium with bismuth vanadate.

High Verdet constant of TbO-doped TiO-BO-AlO-NaO magneto-optical glass.

Tb-doped magneto-optical (MO) glass is widely used in fiber optics, optical isolators, and modulators. However, only the paramagnetic Tb ions exhibit significant MO effects, whereas the diamagnetism Tb ions suppress the MO effects. Therefore, the valence state control of Tb ions is very critical to optimize MO performance.

Segmented Control of Selenization Environment for High-Quality CuZnSn(S,Se) Films Toward Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells.

High-crystalline-quality absorbers with fewer defects are crucial for further improvement of open-circuit voltage (V) and efficiency of CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells. However, the preparation of high-quality CZTSSe absorbers remains challenging due to the uncontrollability of the selenization reaction and the complexity of the required selenization environment for film growth. Herein, a novel segmented control strategy for the selenization environment, specifically targeting the evaporation area of Se, to regulate the selenization reactions and improve the absorber quality is proposed.

A novel design of copper selenide/zinc selenide/Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from MOF for sulfadiazine adsorption: Performance and mechanism.

Herein, a novel copper selenide/zinc selenide/Nitrogen-doped carbon (CuSe/ZnSe/NC) sphere was constructed via a combination of cation exchange, selenization and carbonization approaches with zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8) as precursor for sulfadiazine (SDZ) removal. Compared with the ZnSe/NC, the defective CuSe/ZnSe interface in the optimizing Cu-ZnSe/NC2 sample caused a remarkably improved adsorption performance. Notably, the adsorption capacity of 129.

Cost, market, and policy constraints on mitigating climate change through afforestation in China.

Afforestation is a promising nature-based climate solution for mitigating climate change, but it is subject to a complex web of biophysical, cost-benefit, market, and policy processes. Although its biophysical feasibility has been established, the cost, market, and policy constraints that affect climate change mitigation through afforestation are still unclear. Here, we estimate such cost, market, and policy constraints on the basis of biophysical feasibility.

Double Perovskite Single Crystals with High Laser Irradiation Stability for Solid-State Laser Lighting and Anti-counterfeiting.

Laser lighting devices, comprising an ultraviolet (UV) laser chip and a phosphor material, have emerged as a highly efficient approach for generating high-brightness light sources. However, the high power density of laser excitation may exacerbate thermal quenching in conventional polycrystalline or amorphous phosphors, leading to luminous saturation and the eventual failure of the device. Here, for the first time, we raise a single-crystal (SCs) material for laser lighting considering the absence of grain boundaries that scatter electrons and phonons, achieving high thermal conductivity (0.

Stereo-Hindrance Engineering of A Cation toward <110>-Oriented 2D Perovskite with Minimized Tilting and High-Performance X-Ray Detection.

2D <100>-oriented Dion-Jacobson or Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are widely recognized as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, the large interlayer spacing significantly hinders the carrier transport. <110>-oriented 2D perovskites naturally exhibit reduced interlayer spacings, but the tilting of metal halide octahedra is typically serious and leads to poor charge transport.

Evaluation of the efficacy of a sunscreen containing ultra-long UVA1 and other UVR broad-spectrum filters on skin barrier protection and melanin content reduction in Chinese adults: A single-center study.

Background And Aims: The protection for ultra-long UVA1 is lacked in the market, posing potential damage from ultra-long UVA1 irradiation. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a sunscreen containing multiple components, especially Mexoryl® 400 for improving skin barrier function and reducing melanin content.

Methods: This single-center study included adults with sensitive and normal skin in China in November 2022.

Efficacy of a moisturizing cream and facial mask for alleviating skin problems associated with medical mask use: A half-face, randomized controlled study.

Background: Prolonged use of medical masks has increased skin-related issues.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a facial cream and facial mask in mitigating medical mask related skin symptoms.

Methods: Healthy women were randomly assigned to apply a facial cream (n = 32) or a facial mask plus a facial cream (n = 32) on half-faces after wearing medical masks for 4 h (T).

Efficacy and safety of a panthenol-enriched mask for individuals with distinct impaired skin barrier subtypes.

Background: The protection for different skin types with impaired skin barrier in the market is insufficient.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a panthenol-enriched mask (La Roche-Posay Mask Pro) in addressing various skin barrier impairment subgroups, including dry sensitive, oily sensitive, and oily acne skin.

Methods: A total of 177 participants were enrolled in the study and divided into three subgroups based on their skin type.

Spray-Printed Flexible LiS Cathode with Inorganic Ion-Conductive Binder Nano-LiPS.

Flexible solid-state batteries fabricated by printing techniques are promising integrated power supplies for miniaturized and customized electronic devices. While typically these batteries use polymer solid electrolytes, a flexible LiS cathode with sulfide solid electrolyte is spray-printed in this work, by using solvated LiPS nanoparticles as inorganic ion-conductive binder. This benefits from a novel low-temperature-sintering property of these nanoparticles, which can be pressure-free densified, along with the desolvation process, and thus bind the cathode at 250 °C.

Flexible power generators by AgSe thin films with record-high thermoelectric performance.

Exploring new near-room-temperature thermoelectric materials is significant for replacing current high-cost BiTe. This study highlights the potential of AgSe for wearable thermoelectric electronics, addressing the trade-off between performance and flexibility. A record-high ZT of 1.

Efficacy and safety of a cream containing panthenol, prebiotics, and probiotic lysate for improving sensitive skin symptoms.

Background: Sensitive skin is a common condition affecting a significant proportion of the population, and there is a growing demand for effective and safe management.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cream containing panthenol, prebiotics, and probiotic lysate as an optimal care for facial sensitive skin.

Methods: A total of 110 participants (64 in group A and 46 in group B) with facial sensitive skin applied the cream twice daily for 28 days.

Takinib inhibits microglial M1 polarization and oxidative damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage by targeting TAK1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) positively regulates oxidative stress and inflammation in different diseases. Takinib, a novel and specific TAK1 inhibitor, has beneficial effects in a variety of disorders. However, the effects of takinib on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.

Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of a clay mask in oily and acne skin.

Background: Oily skin, characterized by excessive sebum production, can lead to acne and have psychosocial impacts due to changes in appearance. Recent research has shown interest in treatments for oil control, with kaolin and bentonite emerging as promising options. Despite their potential, comprehensive studies on these ingredients are still in the nascent stages.

Ionic Conductivity and Structure of Glasses Synthesized by Mechanical-Milling Methods in the [NaS]-(100 - ) [0.5GeS-0.5GaS] System.

Chalcogenide glasses in the NaS-GeS-GaS pseudoternary system were synthesized using a combination route of melt-quenching and mechanical-milling methods. First, a glass rich in germanium (90GeS-10GaS) is synthesized by melt-quenching synthesis in a silica tube sealed under vacuum. This glass is used as a precursor for the second step of mechanochemistry to explore the NaS-GeS-GaS pseudoternary system.

Suppressing Buried Interface Nonradiative Recombination Losses Toward High-Efficiency Antimony Triselenide Solar Cells.

Antimony triselenide (Sb Se ) has possessed excellent optoelectronic properties and has gained interest as a light-harvesting material for photovoltaic technology over the past several years. However, the severe interfacial and bulk recombination obviously contribute to significant carrier transport loss thus leading to the deterioration of power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, buried interface and heterojunction engineering are synergistically employed to regulate the film growth kinetic and optimize the band alignment.

Inorganic All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries: Electrolyte Designing and Interface Engineering.

Inorganic all-solid-state sodium batteries (IASSSBs) are emerged as promising candidates to replace commercial lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage systems due to their potential advantages, such as abundant raw materials, robust safety, low price, high-energy density, favorable reliability and stability. Inorganic sodium solid electrolytes (ISSEs) are an indispensable component of IASSSBs, gaining significant attention. Herein, this review begins by discussing the fundamentals of ISSEs, including their ionic conductivity, mechanical property, chemical and electrochemical stabilities.

Electron Transport Layer Engineering Induced Carrier Dynamics Optimization for Efficient Cd-Free Sb Se Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Antimony selenide (Sb Se ) is a highly promising photovoltaic material thanks to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, as well as its cost-effective and eco-friendly merits. However, toxic CdS is widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in efficient Sb Se solar cells, which largely limit their development toward market commercialization. Herein, an effective green Cd-free ETL of SnO is introduced and deposited by atomic layer deposition method.