A case report of PVOD patient combined with pulmonary embolism: Anticoagulation or not?

Rationale: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Oral anticoagulation is confined to patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), but no oral anticoagulation has been recommended for PVOD, because occult pulmonary hemorrhage was a common finding in PVOD.

Patient Concerns: We report a case of PVOD, who was misdiagnosed as IPAH for 5 years with worsening dyspnea and two episodes of pulmonary embolism (PE).