Assessment of Fungal and Contamination of Ochratoxin A and Patulin in Foods Susceptible to Contamination in the Yangzhou Market, China.

The conducive conditions of warm and humid climates can facilitate mold proliferation and subsequent mycotoxin production during food processing and distribution, thereby posing a potential risk to consumer health. However, there exists a significant lack of research regarding the diversity of molds and the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and patulin (PAT) in food products available in the Yangzhou market. This study was conducted to assess OTA contamination levels and fungal presence in 57 cereal-based food samples, as well as PAT contamination levels and fungal presence in 50 types of foods, including apples, hawthorn berries, pears, and their derivatives.

Characterization and analysis of dynamic changes of microbial community associated with grape decay during storage.

The rot caused by pathogens during the storage of table grapes is an important factor that affects the development of the grape industry and food safety, and it cannot be ignored. The development of innovative methods for pathogen control should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the overall microbial community changes that occur during grape storage. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the native microbiota (including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms) on grape surfaces and the development of disease during grape storage.

Characterisation of a SapYZU11@ZnFeO biosensor reveals its mechanism for the rapid and sensitive colourimetric detection of viable Staphylococcus aureus in food matrices.

Although bacteriophage-based biosensors hold promise for detecting Staphylococcus aureus in food products in a timely, simple, and sensitive manner, the associated targeting mechanism of the biosensors remains unclear. Herein, a colourimetric biosensor SapYZU11@ZnFeO, based on a broad-spectrum S. aureus lytic phage SapYZU11 and a ZnFeO nanozyme, was constructed, and its capacity to detect viable S.

Quantitative analysis of erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues and eggs via QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple, rapid and novel method involving ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously detect erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) and eggs (whole egg, albumen and yolk). Samples were extracted using acetonitrile-water (80:20, v/v), and a Cleanert MAS-Q cartridge was used to perform quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) purification. The average recoveries were 87.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses Propose the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying 1,8-Cineole from Hay and Promote the Asexual Sporulation of in Submerged Fermentation.

is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom with antitumor, hepatoprotective, and antiviral effects that play a role in intestinal flora regulation. Spore-inoculation submerged fermentation has become the most efficient and well-known artificial culture process for . In this study, a specific low-molecular compound named 1,8-cineole (cineole) from Hay was first reported to have remarkably promoted the asexual sporulation of in submerged fermentation (AcSmF).

Calcium-mediated modulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm formation.

Biofilm formation is usually affected by many environmental factors, including divalent cations. The purpose of the current work was to analyze how calcium (Ca) affects the biofilm formation of dairy Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates by investigating their growth, swarming motility, biofilm-forming capacity, extracellular polymeric substance production, and biofilm structures. Moreover, the regulation mechanism of Ca involved in its biofilm formation was explored through RNA-sequencing analysis.

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: Current Perspective and Challenges.

Foodborne pathogens cause many diseases and significantly impact human health and the economy. Foodborne pathogens mainly include spp., , spp.

Multi-omics reveals the increased biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium M3 by the induction of tetracycline at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics could induce the biofilm formation of microorganisms, but its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In the present work, biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium M3 was increased when in the presence of tetracycline at sub-MIC, and the highest induction was observed with tetracycline at 1/8 MIC. The integration of RNA-sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was applied in order to further decipher the potential mechanisms for this observation.

Comparison of different drying technologies for brocade orange (Citrus sinensis) peels: Changes in color, phytochemical profile, volatile, and biological availability and activity of bioactive compounds.

This study evaluated the effects of freeze drying (FD), heat pump drying (HPD), microwave drying (MD), and far-infrared drying (FID) on the quality of brocade orange peels (BOPs). Although the most attractive appearance, maximum levels of ascorbic acid (0.46 mg/g dry weight (DW)), carotenoids (total 16.

WGS analysis of two Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages from sewage in China provides insights into the genetic feature of highly efficient lytic phages.

The study of bacteriophages is experiencing a resurgence with the increasing development of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Nonetheless, the genetic features of highly efficient lytic S. aureus phage remain to be explored.

Overexpression the BnLACS9 could increase the chlorophyll and oil content in Brassica napus.

Background: Chlorophyll is a very important pigment involved in photosynthesis, while plant acyl-CoA biosynthesis is derived from plastid-localized fatty acids (FAs). Until now, the regulation of the acyl-CoA pathway for chlorophyll biosynthesis is still unknown.

Results: Here, we identified a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) gene BnLACS9 from Brassica napus.

Bacterial community analysis of infant foods obtained from Chinese markets by combining culture-dependent and high-throughput sequence methods.

In this study, twenty-two baby foods including cereal-based products and powdered infant formula (PIF) obtained from local markets were comprehensively investigated for their bacterial contamination using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequence (HTS) methods. In addition, the genetic diversity and biofilm-forming capacity of the most abundant species were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and crystal violet staining assay, respectively. Results showed that 170 mesophilic isolates collected from 22 samples were clustered into 15 genera and 41 species.

Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals That Bacteriophages Promote Environmental Adaptation of via Gene Exchange, Acquisition, and Loss.

The study of bacteriophages is experiencing a resurgence owing to their antibacterial efficacy, lack of side effects, and low production cost. Nonetheless, the interactions between bacteriophages and their hosts remain unexplored. In this study, whole-genome sequences of 188 bacteriophages-20 , 56 , and 112 -were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, USA) genome database.

Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Vibriophage OY1 and Its Biocontrol Effects Against spp.

species are important pathogens of marine animals and aquaculture populations and some of them can cause serious infections in humans through consumption of contaminated seafood and aquaculture products. Lytic bacteriophages can potentially alleviate contamination in the aquaculture organisms and in the processing of aquatic products and have gained significant scientific attention in recent years. In the present study, bacteriophages were isolated from sewage of local aquatic products markets and grown using CICC 21613 as host cells.

Isolation and Characterization of a Virulent Bacteriophage for Controlling Salmonella Enteritidis Growth in Ready-to-Eat Mixed-Ingredient Salads.

Abstract: Ready-to-eat vegetable salads have gained popularity worldwide. However, the microbial safety of these salads is a health concern, primarily due to Salmonella Enteritidis contamination during the growing, harvesting, processing, and handling of produce. In this study, a bacteriophage-based strategy was developed to control Salmonella Enteritidis growth in mixed-ingredient salads.

Prevention and detoxification of patulin in apple and its products: A review.

Patulin-producing fungi pose an unavoidable problem for apple and its product quality, thereby threatening human and/or animal health. Studies on controlling the patulin-producing fungal growth and patulin contamination in apple and its products by physical methods, chemical fungicides, and biological methods have been performed for decades, but patulin contamination has not been addressed. Here, the important of studying regulation mechanism of patulin production in apple at the protein expression and metabolism levels is proposed, which will facilitate the development of controlling patulin production by using physical, chemical, and biological methods.

A review on citrinin: Its occurrence, risk implications, analytical techniques, biosynthesis, physiochemical properties and control.

Losses of harvested fruits and vegetables can be attributed to decaying fungi. These fungi are pathogenic and also a source of mycotoxins, which pose a health threat to humans and animals. As a result, national and international organizations have set detection levels for toxic secondary metabolites for harvested commodities and derived products.

Isolation and genomic characterization of P.A-5, a novel virulent bacteriophage against Enterobacter hormaechei.

Enterobacter hormaechei is a foodborne pathogen responsible for neonatal sepsis in humans and respiratory disease in animals. In this work, a new virulent phage (P.A-5) infecting E.

Author Correction: Crosstalk between proteins expression and lysine acetylation in response to patulin stress in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of fabricated ovalbumin-carvacrol gel nanoparticles.

The applications of carvacrol are limited due to its poor stability and water solubility, and high volatility; however, ovalbumin can be used to encapsulate hydrophobic molecules, improve their aqueous solubility, and reduce their volatility. In this study, we fabricated ovalbumin-carvacrol nanoparticles (OCGns) under different pH (2, 5, 7, and 9) conditions using a gel embedding method and investigated their physicochemical and antibacterial properties. Rheological experiments revealed that the G' of ovalbumin gels (OGs) prepared under different pH conditions were OG-2 > OG-7 > OG-9 > OG-5.

Isolation of virulent phages infecting dominant mesophilic aerobic bacteria in cucumber pickle fermentation.

Pickle is a type of mildly lactic acid fermented vegetable and is a traditional dish favored in China, Japan, and Korea. Corruption of spoilage bacteria and accumulation of nitrite during vegetable fermentation are common problems that affect the pickle industry and consumer health. In this work, cucumber juice was used as a vegetable model to study the dominant mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) producing nitrite during pickle fermentation.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Interaction between and Apple Fruit ( Mill.) during Early Stages of Infection.

Blue mold, caused by , is an important postharvest disease of apple, and can result in significant economic losses. The present study investigated the interaction between and wounded apple fruit tissues during the early stages of the infection. Spores of became activated one hour post-inoculation (hpi), exhibited swelling at 3 hpi, and the germ tubes were found entering into apple tissues at 6 hpi.

S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferase Helps Degrade Patulin.

Patulin contamination not only is a menace to human health but also causes serious environmental problems worldwide due to the synthetic fungicides that are used to control it. This study focused on investigating the patulin degradation mechanism in at the molecular level. According to the results, (2 × 10 cells/mL) was able to degrade patulin from 20 μg/mL to an undetectable level in 72 h.

Investigating proteome and transcriptome response of Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 to citrinin and the mechanisms involved in its degradation.

Citrinin (CIT) contamination has been reported in agricultural foods and is known to be nephrotoxic to human and animals. In the present study, the proteomes and transcriptomes of C. podzolicus Y3 treated with or without 10 μg/mL CIT were compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and RNA sequencing, respectively.

Proteomics profile of Hanseniaspora uvarum enhanced with trehalose involved in the biocontrol efficacy of grape berry.

This present study tested the extent to which 2% w/v trehalose enhanced the proteins expression profile of Hanseniaspora uvarum Y3. Furthermore, it explored the relative gene expression of stilbene synthase (StSy), one of the vital defense-related genes found in the skin of grapes. The proteomics profile revealed that 29 proteins were differentially expressed out of which 26 were significantly up-regulated and 3 were download-regulated.