A Simple Approach to Determine Single-Receiver Differential Code Bias Using Precise Point Positioning.

In this study, a precise single-receiver differential code bias (DCB) estimation method using the precise point positioning (PPP) model is presented. The first step is to extract the high-precision ionospheric observations, including DCB, based on the PPP model. Then, the satellite DCB are corrected using International GNSS Service (IGS) products.

The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Attenuates Oxidative Stress Injury and the Inflammatory Response of H9c2 Cells Through the Nrf2/ARE and NF-κB Pathways.

Aim: Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate whether the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c could alleviate HO-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory status in H9c2 cells through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

Methods: Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were obtained, and 10, 20 or 50 μM MOTS-c was pretreated for 24 h before treatment with HO Then, the cell was treated with 100 μM HO for 1 h to induce oxidative stress.