Robust adaptive control with dung beetle optimization algorithm and disturbance observer for load displacement tracking of shock absorber damper test bench.

Shock absorbers are indispensable components utilized for vibration mitigation in various fields, including construction, bridges, wind power, and pipelines. The shock absorber test bench serves as an essential apparatus for evaluating the dynamic and static characteristics of these absorbers. To address the significant tracking errors between actual and expected displacements during displacement loading on shock absorber damper test benches, a novel control strategy is proposed.