Metabolomics-based analysis of nitric oxide regulation of ginseng herb quality.

Background: Ginsenosides, the primary active ingredients in Panax ginseng, are secondary metabolites. However, their content varies significantly across batches due to differences in environmental conditions and production methods. Ecological stress can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, and ROS can enhance secondary metabolism.

Analysis of ginseng rusty root symptoms transcriptome and its pathogenesis directed by reactive oxygen species theory.

Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is a primary disease of ginseng, which seriously decreases the yield and quality of ginseng and causes enormous losses to ginseng production. GRS prevention and control is still challenging due to its unclear etiology. In this study, the phloem tissue of healthy (AG), the nonred tissue of the phloem epidermis around the lesion (BG), and the red lesion site tissue of GRS (CG) were extracted for mRNA transcriptomic analysis; 35,958 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and were associated with multiple stress resistance pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and iron ion binding.

Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress.

The ecological significance of secondary metabolites is to improve the adaptive ability of plants. Secondary metabolites, usually medicinal ingredients, are triggered by unsuitable environment, thus the quality of medicinal materials under adversity being better. The quality of the cultivated was heavily declined due to its good conditions.

Vitamin D Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion via Downregulating the Notch1 Pathway.

Due to its high incidence and mortality rates, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the focus of research. Vitamin D has anticancer functions in a variety of cancers, but the relationship between vitamin D status and CRC risk and survival is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of vitamin D on the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells to find an effective way to treat CRC.

NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in digestive system tumors.

Programmed cell death (PCD) refers to cell death in a manner that depends on specific genes encoding signals or activities. PCD includes apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and necrosis (programmed necrosis). Among these mechanisms, pyroptosis is mediated by the gasdermin family and is accompanied by inflammatory and immune responses.

Lnc-17Rik promotes the immunosuppressive function of Myeloid-Derived suppressive cells in esophageal cancer.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population of immature bone marrow cells that accumulate in large numbers in the spleen, peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and local and metastatic foci of tumors. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) play key roles in regulating the immunosuppressive function and differentiation of MDSCs. Our study revealed that the long noncoding RNA Lnc-17Rik was able to promote immunosuppression in tumors by facilitating the activation and expression of key genes involved in MDSC differentiation.

Ecological roles of secondary metabolites of in adaptation to drought stress.

is a traditional Chinese herb that mainly grows in arid grasslands and strongly adapts to various stresses. Drought is not only a major abiotic stress factor but also a typical feature conducive to producing high-quality medicinal material. The present study investigated by treating plants with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000).

Updating the NLRC4 Inflammasome: from Bacterial Infections to Autoimmunity and Cancer.

Inflammasomes comprise a family of cytosolic multi-protein complexes that modulate the activation of cysteine-aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1) and promote the maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to an inflammatory response. Different types of inflammasomes are defined by their sensor protein which recognizes pathogenic ligands and then directs inflammasome assembly. Although the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of most inflammasomes are still unclear, NLRC4 inflammasomes have emerged as multifaceted agents of the innate immune response, playing important roles in immune defense against a variety of pathogens.

Complexity of active medicinal ingredients in radix scutellariae with sodium hydrosulfite exposure.

Both plants and animals are living things made up of similar cells as well as organelles, and their essence of life is the same. However, plants face more environmental stress than animals and generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of small molecules that can harm proteins, necessitating distinctive metabolic processes. Secondary metabolites in plants are a group of chemical components that can eliminate ROS and can also exhibit medicinal properties; therefore, herbal medicines are often closely linked to the ecological significance of secondary metabolites.

Interspecies metabolic diversity of artocarpin in vitro mammalian liver microsomes.

Artocarpin has shown anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. However, the metabolism differences among different species have not been reported. In this work, we used liver microsomes to explore the metabolic characteristics and possible metabolites of artocarpin among different species.

Na/Ca Exchanger 1 in Airway Smooth Muscle of Allergic Inflammation Mouse Model.

Cytosolic free Ca ([Ca]) is essential for airway contraction, secretion and remodeling. [Ca] homeostasis is controlled by several critical molecules, one of which is the Na/Ca exchanger 1 (NCX1) in the plasma membrane. Since little is currently known about NCX1 in the airway smooth muscle and its involvement in airway diseases, the present study was designed to investigate the expression and function of NCX1 in normal airway smooth muscle and its relevance to airway inflammation.

Chemical metabolomics for investigating the protective effectiveness of Harms leaf against acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Recent advances in the study of high-throughput metabolomics combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry have accelerated our understanding of the efficacy, mechanisms, and application of natural products. In this study, we have used chemical metabolomics to investigate and discover small molecule metabolites for the potential mechanism of Harms leaf (ASL) against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Based on high-throughput metabolomics, the underlying biomarker was found by combining chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate data analysis.

High-throughput ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry approach for the rapid analysis and characterization of multiple constituents of the fruit of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms.

Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to improve the function of skeleton, heart, spleen and kidney.

Feeble Antipyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-inflammatory Activities were Found with Regular Dose 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol, One of the Conventional Marker Compounds for Quality Evaluation of Radix Saposhnikoviae.

Introduction: 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GML) is a conventional marker compound for quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Despite that, neither pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic information is available with regard to GML. As such, the aim of thisstudy was to assess the conventional evaluation indices for the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae.

Sodium dithionite-enhanced quality of radix scutellariae through modification of secondary metabolism.

Introduction: The quality of radix scutellariae is particularly associated with environmental stresses, but detailed mechanisms remained unclear. Plant under unfavorable situation generates redundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS can modify the secondary metabolism. The varied quality of radix scutellariae could be explained by ROS.

Polysaccharide enhances Radix Saposhnikoviae efficacy through inhibiting chromones decomposition in intestinal tract.

Vegetative but not reproductive stage of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turxz.) schischk possesses pharmacological activities. However, our recent study showed that reproductive S.

Essential role of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 in smoking-induced growth and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Tobacco-derived carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a major environmental risk factor for the pathogenesis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanisms by which tobacco induces ESCC are not well understood. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) is a plasma membrane transporter protein that plays an essential role in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) homeostasis under physiological conditions and is implicated in tumorigenesis as well.

Application of Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Analysis of Constituents and Metabolites from the Extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms Leaf.

Unlabelled: Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr and Maxim) Harms (AS), a member of Araliaceae family, is a typical folk medicinal herb, which is widely distributed in the Northeastern part of China. Due to lack of this resource caused by the extensive use of its root, this work studied the chemical constituents of leaves of this plant with the purpose of looking for an alternative resource. In this work, a fast and optimized ultra-performance liquid chromatography method with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) has been developed for the analysis of constituents in leaves extracts.

H2O2 Improves Quality of Radix scutellariae Through Anti-oxidant Effect.

Introduction: The correlation between the quality and geographical origin of herbal medicine was traced back to Tang Dynasty in China, more than 1200 years, and the effects of ecological environments on the secondary metabolites such as flavonoids have been confirmed. However, little is known about how the adversity impacts on the quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be medium between the ecological environment and the secondary metabolism.

Chemical Discrimination of Cortex Phellodendri amurensis and Cortex Phellodendri chinensis by Multivariate Analysis Approach.

Background: As herbal medicines have an important position in health care systems worldwide, their current assessment, and quality control are a major bottleneck. Cortex Phellodendri chinensis (CPC) and Cortex Phellodendri amurensis (CPA) are widely used in China, however, how to identify species of CPA and CPC has become urgent.

Materials And Methods: In this study, multivariate analysis approach was performed to the investigation of chemical discrimination of CPA and CPC.

[Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis, physio-biochemistry and quality of Panax ginseng under full sun shine in spring].

In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.