CsIREH1 phosphorylation regulates DELLA protein affecting plant height in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

Plant height is a critical agronomic trait that affects crop yield, plant architecture, and environmental adaptability. Gibberellins (GAs) regulate plant height, with DELLA proteins acting as key repressors in the GA signaling pathway by inhibiting GA-induced growth. While DELLA phosphorylation is essential for regulating plant height, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood.

Novel treatments of mood disorders based on brain circuitry (ECT, MST, TMS, VNS, DBS).

Advances in understanding the functional and structural anatomy of depression outlined in this issue set the stage for attempting to manipulate implicated brain regions as potential antidepressant therapies. On the one hand, these circuit- and device-based approaches to treating depression are not new. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) dates back to the beginning of modern biologic psychiatry with the discovery and rapid increase of first chemical (around 1910), and then later ECT.