Altered brain glymphatic function on diffusion-tensor MRI in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: an exploratory study.

Objectives: To investigate the function of the glymphatic system (GS) and its association with neuropsychological tests in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) by diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Methods: This retrospective study included 58 patients with sICH and 63 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Partial correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the DTI-ALPS index and radiological as well as clinical data.

A nomogram incorporating CT-based peri-hematoma radiomics features to predict functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of non-contrast computed tomography based peri-hematoma and intra-hematoma radiomic features to predict the 90-day poor functional outcome for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and to present an effective clinically relevant machine learning system to assist in prognosis prediction.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 691 patients diagnosed with sICH at two medical centers. Fifteen radiomic features from the intra- and peri-hematoma regions were extracted and selected to build six radiomics models.

Association of glymphatic system dysfunction with cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: This study retrospectively included 38 patients with unilateral TLE and 26 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, choroid plexus volume (CPV), and cognitive assessment were obtained for each participant.

Elevated peripheral inflammation is associated with choroid plexus enlargement in independent sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohorts.

Background: Using neuroimaging techniques, growing evidence has suggested that the choroid plexus (CP) volume is enlarged in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Notably, the CP has been suggested to play an important role in inflammation-induced CNS damage under disease conditions. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the relationships between peripheral inflammation and CP volume in sporadic ALS patients.

Machine Learning-Enabled Fuhrman Grade in Clear-cell Renal Carcinoma Prediction Using Two-dimensional Ultrasound Images.

Objective: Accurate assessment of Fuhrman grade is crucial for optimal clinical management and personalized treatment strategies in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). In this study, we developed a predictive model using ultrasound (US) images to accurately predict the Fuhrman grade.

Methods: Between March 2013 and July 2023, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the US imaging and clinical data of 235 patients with pathologically confirmed CCRCC, including 67 with Fuhrman grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ.

Thalamic-limbic circuit dysfunction and white matter topological alteration in Parkinson's disease are correlated with gait disturbance.

Background: Limbic structures have recently garnered increased attention in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. This study aims to explore changes at the whole-brain level in the structural network, specifically the white matter fibres connecting the thalamus and limbic system, and their correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients with PD.

Methods: Between December 2020 and November 2021, we prospectively enrolled 42 patients with PD and healthy controls at the movement disorder centre.

Multimodal data integration using machine learning to predict the risk of clear cell renal cancer metastasis: a retrospective multicentre study.

Purpose: To develop and validate a predictive combined model for metastasis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by integrating multimodal data.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical and imaging data (CT and ultrasound) of patients with ccRCC confirmed by pathology from three tertiary hospitals in different regions were collected from January 2013 to January 2023. We developed three models, including a clinical model, a radiomics model, and a combined model.

Choroid plexus enlargement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and its correlation with clinical disability and blood-CSF barrier permeability.

Background: Using in vivo neuroimaging techniques, growing evidence has demonstrated that the choroid plexus (CP) volume is enlarged in patients with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, although animal and postmortem findings suggest that CP abnormalities are likely important pathological mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the third most common neurodegenerative disease, no available study has been conducted to thoroughly assess CP abnormalities and their clinical relevance in vivo in ALS patients to date. Thus, we aimed to determine whether in vivo CP enlargement may occur in ALS patients.

Spatio-Temporal Graph Hubness Propagation Model for Dynamic Brain Network Classification.

Dynamic brain network has the advantage over static brain network in characterizing the variation pattern of functional brain connectivity, and it has attracted increasing attention in brain disease diagnosis. However, most of the existing dynamic brain networks analysis methods rely on extracting features from independent brain networks divided by sliding windows, making them hard to reveal the high-order dynamic evolution laws of functional brain networks. Additionally, they cannot effectively extract the spatio-temporal topology features in dynamic brain networks.

LNAS: a clinically applicable deep-learning system for mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes segmentation and station mapping without regard to the pathogenesis using unenhanced CT images.

Background: The accurate identification and evaluation of lymph nodes by CT images is of great significance for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Purpose: To assess the lymph nodes' segmentation, size, and station by artificial intelligence (AI) for unenhanced chest CT images and evaluate its value in clinical scenarios.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study proposed an end-to-end Lymph Nodes Analysis System (LNAS) consisting of three models: the Lymph Node Segmentation model (LNS), the Mediastinal Organ Segmentation model (MOS), and the Lymph Node Station Registration model (LNR).

Neuroimaging anomalies in asymptomatic middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease with normal-appearing white matter.

Background: Asymptomatic chronic cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease is common, but the cognitive function and alterations in the brain's structural and functional profiles have not been well studied. This study aimed to reveal whether and how patients with asymptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) steno-occlusive disease and normal-appearing white matter differ in brain structural and functional profiles from normal controls and their correlations with cognitive function.

Methods: In all, 26 patients with asymptomatic MCA steno-occlusive disease and 22 healthy controls were compared for neurobehavioral assessments, brain volume, cortical thickness, fiber connectivity density (FiCD) value, and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) using multimodal MRI.

Glymphatic dysfunction in patients with early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Recently, an astrocytic aquaporin 4-dependent drainage system, that is, the glymphatic system, has been identified in the live murine and human brain. Growing evidence suggests that glymphatic function is impaired in patients with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. As the third most common neurodegenerative disease, although animal studies have indicated that early glymphatic dysfunction is likely an important pathological mechanism underpinning amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), no available study has been conducted to thoroughly assess glymphatic function in vivo in ALS patients to date, particularly in patients with early-stage ALS.

Difference of mean Hounsfield units (dHU) between follow-up and initial noncontrast CT scan predicts 90-day poor outcome in spontaneous supratentorial acute intracerebral hemorrhage with deep convolutional neural networks.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of a new non-contrast CT scan (NCCT) sign called the dHU, which represented the difference in mean Hounsfield unit values between follow-up and the initial NCCT for predicting 90-day poor functional outcomes in acute supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH) using deep convolutional neural networks.

Methods: A total of 377 consecutive patients with sICH from center 1 and 91 patients from center 2 (external validation set) were included. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the critical value of dHU for predicting poor outcome at 90 days.

Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism predominant multiple system atrophy in early stage by morphometrics in susceptibility weighted imaging.

Background And Purpose: We previously established a radiological protocol to discriminate multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) from Parkinson's disease (PD). However, we do not know if it can differentiate early stage disease. This study aimed to investigate whether the morphological and intensity changes in susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) of the lentiform nucleus (LN) could discriminate MSA-P from PD at early stages.

Amygdala abnormalities across disease stages in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

To examine selective atrophy patterns and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) alterations in the amygdala at different stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to explore any correlations between amygdala abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We used the King's clinical staging system for ALS to divide 83 consecutive patients with ALS into comparable subgroups at different disease stages. We explored the pattern of selective amygdala subnucleus atrophy and amygdala-based whole-brain FC alteration in these patients and 94 healthy controls (HCs).

A Pilot Study of Radiomic Based on Routine CT Reflecting Difference of Cerebral Hemispheric Perfusion.

Background: To explore the effectiveness of radiomics features based on routine CT to reflect the difference of cerebral hemispheric perfusion.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 52 patients with severe stenosis or occlusion in the unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA), and brain CT perfusion showed an MCA area with deficit perfusion. Radiomics features were extracted from the stenosis side and contralateral of the MCA area based on precontrast CT.

Radiomics for predicting revised hematoma expansion with the inclusion of intraventricular hemorrhage growth in patients with supratentorial spontaneous intraparenchymal hematomas.

Background: Previous radiomics analyses of hematoma expansion have been based on the traditional definition, which only focused on changes in intraparenchymal volume. However, the ability of radiomics-related models to predict revised hematoma expansion (RHE) with the inclusion of intraventricular hemorrhage expansion remains unclear. To develop and validate a noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT)-based clinical- semantic-radiomics nomogram to identify supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) patients with RHE on admission.

Automated detection of 3D midline shift in spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage with non-contrast computed tomography using deep convolutional neural networks.

Deep learning (DL)-based convolutional neural networks facilitate more accurate detection and rapid analysis of MLS. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of applying a DL-based convolutional neural network to non-contrast computed tomography (CT) for automated 2D/3D brain midline shift measurement and outcome prediction after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. In this retrospective study, 140 consecutive patients were referred for CT assessment of sICH from January 2014 to April 2019.

Hypothalamic subregion abnormalities are related to body mass index in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: To investigate atrophy patterns in hypothalamic subunits at different stages of ALS and examine correlations between hypothalamic subunit volume and clinical information.

Methods: We used the King's clinical staging system to divide 91 consecutive ALS patients into the different disease stages. We investigated patterns of hypothalamic atrophy using a recently published automated segmentation method in ALS patients and in 97 healthy controls.

Hippocampal subfield and anterior-posterior segment volumes in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neuroimaging studies of hippocampal volumes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have reported inconsistent results. Our aims were to demonstrate that such discrepancies are largely due to atrophy of different regions of the hippocampus that emerge in different disease stages of ALS and to explore the existence of co-pathology in ALS patients. We used the well-validated King's clinical staging system for ALS to classify patients into different disease stages.

Neuroimaging Anomalies in Community-Dwelling Asymptomatic Adults With Very Early-Stage White Matter Hyperintensity.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is common in healthy adults in their 60s and can be seen as early as in their 30s and 40s. Alterations in the brain structural and functional profiles in adults with WMH have been repeatedly studied but with a focus on late-stage WMH. To date, structural and functional MRI profiles during the very early stage of WMH remain largely unexplored.

Substantia Nigra Radiomics Feature Extraction of Parkinson's Disease Based on Magnitude Images of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging.

Background: It is reported that radiomic features extracted from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) had promising clinical value for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to explore the usefulness of radiomics features based on magnitude images to distinguish PD from non-PD controls.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited PD patients and controls who underwent brain 3.

An MSCT-based radiomics nomogram combined with clinical factors can identify Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Background: We established and evaluated a radiomics nomogram based on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) arterial phase contrast-enhanced images to distinguish between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) objectively, quantitatively, and reproducibly.

Methods: MSCT arterial phase-enhancement images of 165 lesions (99 CD, 66 UC) in 87 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) confirmed by endoscopy or surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 132 lesions (80%) were selected as the training cohort and 33 lesions (20%) as the test cohort.

Morphology and signal changes of the lentiform nucleus based on susceptibility weighted imaging in parkinsonism-predominant multiple system atrophy.

Introduction: It remains challenging to make a differential diagnosis between atypical parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD) from routine neuroimaging. This case-control study aimed to quantitatively investigate both morphological and signal intensity changes in susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) of the lentiform nucleus (LN) for discriminating parkinsonism-predominant multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) from PD.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with MSA-P, PD, and sex- and age-matched controls between January 2016 and November 2019 at the Movement Disorder Center who underwent 3T MR imaging of brain with SWI sequence.

Evaluation of astrocytoma cell proliferation using diffusion-weighted imaging: correlation with expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

The purpose of this study was to analyze if there is a significant correlation between the results of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in astrocytomas. The DWI scans of 19 different-grade astrocytomas were obtained on a 3 T magnetic resonance scanner. The average regional apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were measured.