[Pancreatic β-cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis Induced by Elevated Free Fatty Acids Synergize with Hyperglycemia].

Objectives: To analysis the effects of glucoxicity and lipotoxicity on the function and apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells.

Methods: The levels of circulating glucose and free fat acids (FFAs) were elevated by infusion dextrose and fat emulsion in high-fat obese rats. The insulin resistance model obese rats were divided into four gourp: obese group with saline infusion (OB-NS group, =7), obese group with glucose infusion (OB-GS group, =9), obese group with Lipid emulsion infusion (OB-FFA group, =8), obese group with glucose and lipid emulsion infusion (OB-FG group, =9).

[Association of nt3434A→G Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA 1 Gene with Diabetes Mellitus].

Objectives: To study the association of nt3434 A→G mutation in mitochondrial DNA NADH dehydrogenase 1 subunit (1) gene with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: PCR-RFLP was used to detect the nt3434 A→G variant of mtDNA 1 gene in 216 diabetic patients and 203 healthy control individuals. Characteristics of mutation and clinical indicators in nt3434A→G family were analyzed.

Radix Astragali Improves Dysregulated Triglyceride Metabolism and Attenuates Macrophage Infiltration in Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Male Rats through Activating mTORC1-PPAR γ Signaling Pathway.

Increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and hypertriglyceridemia are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The effective fraction isolated from radix astragali (RA) has been reported to alleviate hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of this triglyceride-lowering effect of RA is unclear.

[The changes of gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To study the changes of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), serum peptide-YY (PYY) and Ghrelin and their secretion functions in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method: A total of 102 subjects were enrolled, including 32 normal-glucose-tolerance controls (NGT) and 70 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were measured.

Short-term glucose metabolism and gut hormone modulations after Billroth II gastrojejunostomy in nonobese gastric cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance.

Background And Aims: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is effective in controlling blood glucose in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The alterations of gut hormones involving in glucose metabolism may play an important role. Our aim was to explore the short-term effects of Billroth II gastrojejunostomy (a similar type of RYGB) on glucose metabolism and gut hormone modulations in nonobese patients with different levels of blood glucose tolerance.

[Molecular scanning of mtDNA gene in two early-onset diabetic pedigrees].

Objective: To search for new potential diabetogenic mtDNA defects by scanning mtDNA genome in mitochondrial DNA diabetes (MDM) pedigrees.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from the family members in two suspected MDM pedigrees, which were both maternal transmitted and early-onset diabetes. The whole mtDNA genome except D-loop was detected by direct sequencing in probands of these two diabetic pedigrees.

[Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes mellitus in the first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes in Chengdu].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes mellitus in the first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Chengdu.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Chengdu. A total of 2306 adults were recruited, including 535 FDR of T2DM patients and 1771 people without a family history of diabetes.

[The efficacy and safety of recombinant human insulin injection in the treatment of diabetic patients:a multicenter, randomized, controlled and open-labeled clinical trial].

Objective: A multicenter, randomized, controlled and open-labeled clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human insulin injection (Yousilin R) and Novolin R in diabetic patients.

Methods: A total of 211 cases were randomized into two groups (1:1) treated with Yousilin R versus Novolin R for 12 weeks respectively.

Results: Compared with baseline, the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the end of 12 weeks treatment decreased from 10.

[PPARGC1A gene Thr394Thr G/A polymorphism and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in a Chinese population].

Objective: To examine the association of the Thr394Thr polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic disorders in a Chinese population.

Methods: Three hundred and seven subjects including 151 T2DM patients and 156 normal glucose tolerant controls (NC) were enrolled in this study. The Thr394Thr G/A polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

[Protein kinase C activation is required for free fatty acid-induced impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase].

Objective: To observe whether the impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity by elevated level of free fatty acid (FFA) is associated with activation of protein kinase C (PKC).

Methods: The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for four groups: control group, oleic acid (OA) group (10, 50, 100, 150, 200 micromol/L), GFX group and OA+GFX group. The activity of eNOS in each group was examined, and the activity and expression of PKC were determined in both control and OA groups.

Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation mildly ameliorates experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation could attenuate diabetic nephropathy in experimental diabetic rats.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg).

[Glycemic excursions in people with normal glucose tolerance in Chengdu].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of glycemic excursions in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in Chengdu.

Methods: A total of 50 non-obese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 23-68 years old), normal blood pressures and lipid profiles participated in the study. The fluctuations of glucose levels in the participants were measured by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for three days 72 h.

[Study on the mechanism of autologous platelet-rich gel to treat the refractory diabetic dermal ulcers].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of autologous platelet-rich gel (APG)in the treatment of refractory diabetic dermal ulcers.

Methods: After the treatment of refractory diabetic dermal ulcers with APG at 0, 3, 6, 9, 15 days, the protein levels of PDGF-BB, VEGF, IGF-1, EGF and TGF-beta1 in the granulation tissue were detected by ELISA, while the dimensions of ulcer area were measured at the same time.

Results: The areas of ulcers were obviously reduced at the third and fifteen day after APG treatment (P < 0.

[The effect and pathophysiological mechanism of high free fatty acids(FfAs) on the cardiac structure and function].

Objective: To study the pathophysiological links between elevated circulating FFAs concentration and the cardiac structure, and their function in obese insulin resistance rat model.

Methods: 4 weeks age male SD rats were fed with high-fat chow (OB) or standard laboratory chow (NC) respectively. Whole-body insulin sensitivity, the maximum velocity of myocardial contraction (+dp/dt(max)) and the maximum velocity of myocardial diastole (-dp/dt(max)) of intracardiac pressure, and myocardiac cell diameter (MCD) were measured.

[Role of apoptosis and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in glucolipotoxicity-induced islet beta-cell dysfunction].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of beta-cell dysfunction induced by glucolipotoxicity in high fat-fed obese rats.

Methods: Eighteen high-fat obese male Wistar rats were assigned into 3 groups and underwent 48-hour infusion through the jugular vein with normal saline (n=6), 20% intralipid + heparin (FFA group, n=6), or 25%glucose +20% intralipid + heparin (GS-FFA group, n=6). The plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HBA) was measured before and at the end of the infusion.

[Effects of free fatty acids on nitric oxide synthase activity and mRNA expression in endothelial cell of SD rat aorta].

Objective: To test the hypothesis that free fatty acids (FFA) induced endothelial dysfunction might relate with the inhibitions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression and activity, and to explore the possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: Male SD rats underwent 6 h infusion in two groups: Normal control (NC, n=20) infused with saline; FFA group (n=20) infused with 20% intralipid + heparin. Blood samples were collected at the end of infusion so as to measure the concentrations of FFA, nitrogen oxides (NOx), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

[A study on the mechanism of islet cell insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese rats].

Objective: To study the changes of insulin signal transduction in islet cells of high-fat-diet rats with peripheral insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: high-fat-diet group and control group to be fed with high-fat food and normal food respectively. Twenty weeks after the rats were sacrificed.

[The protective effects of Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Ligustici chuanxiong on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese complex prescription of Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.

Methods: Twenty-one type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria were involved in this before-after study by individual informed consent. Each of the eligible subjects was given the decoction of Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong per os 150 ml q.

[Relationship between peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell function in obese subjects].

Objective: To detect the relationship between peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell function in obese subjects with normal blood glucose, and to explore the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM.

Methods: Ten simple obesity male subjects (OB) with normal blood glucose and 10 lean male persons (NC) matched on age and living style were included. None of them was smoker, and their blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels were all normal.

[Comparison of efficacy between nateglinide and repaglinide in treating type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial].

Objective: To compare the efficacy of nateglinide with repaglinide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Forty-six type 2 diabetic patients were randomly treated with repaglinide (group A, 1.0 mg tid, n=23) or nateglinide (group B, 90.

[The associations of HLA-DQB1 gene with onset age and autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes].

Objective: To evaluate the associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1 gene with onset age and autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in Chinese Han population in Sichuan area.

Methods: Forty-six type 1 diabetic patients and 52 healthy control subjects were involved in this study. HLA-DQB1 typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP).