Myosin-5a facilitates stress granule formation by interacting with G3BP1.

Stress granules (SGs) are non-membranous organelles composed of mRNA and proteins that assemble in the cytosol when the cell is under stress. Although the composition of mammalian SGs is both cell-type and stress-dependent, they consistently contain core components, such as Ras GTPase activating protein SH3 domain binding protein 1 (G3BP1). Upon stress, living cells rapidly assemble micrometric SGs, sometimes within a few minutes, suggesting that SG components may be actively transported by the microtubule and/or actin cytoskeleton.

but not is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant.

Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in accession PI 414723 carrying the resistance gene.

Development of an attenuated potato virus Y mutant carrying multiple mutations in helper-component protease for cross-protection.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the major cash crops in China. Potato virus Y (PVY), a representative member of the genus Potyvirus, greatly reduces the quality and yield of tobacco leaves by inducing veinal necrosis. Mild strain-mediated cross-protection is an attractive method of controlling diseases caused by PVY.

Characterisation of the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) gene of Locusta migratoria and the encoded MLCK.

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a dedicated kinase of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), playing an essential role in the regulation of muscle contraction and cell motility. Much of the knowledge about MLCK comes from the study of vertebrate MLCK, and little is known about insect MLCK. Here, we identified the single MLCK gene in the locust Locusta migratoria, which spans over 1400 kb, includes 62 exons and accounts for at least five transcripts.

Spire2 and Rab11a synergistically activate myosin-5b motor function.

Cellular vesicle long-distance transport along the cytoplasmic actin network has recently been uncovered in several cell systems. In metaphase mouse oocytes, the motor protein myosin-5b (Myo5b) and the actin nucleation factor Spire are recruited to the Rab11a-positive vesicle membrane, forming a ternary complex of Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a that drives the vesicle long-distance transport to the oocyte cortex. However, the mechanism underlying the intermolecular regulation of the Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a complex remains unknown.

A natural substitution of a conserved amino acid in eIF4E confers resistance against multiple potyviruses.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which plays a pivotal role in initiating translation in eukaryotic organisms, is often hijacked by the viral genome-linked protein to facilitate the infection of potyviruses. In this study, we found that the naturally occurring amino acid substitution D71G in eIF4E is widely present in potyvirus-resistant watermelon accessions and disrupts the interaction between watermelon eIF4E and viral genome-linked protein of papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain, zucchini yellow mosaic virus or watermelon mosaic virus. Multiple sequence alignment and protein modelling showed that the amino acid residue D located in the cap-binding pocket of eIF4E is strictly conserved in many plant species.

Asymmetric and parallel subgenome selection co-shape common carp domestication.

Background: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) might best represent the domesticated allopolyploid animals. Although subgenome divergence which is well-known to be a key to allopolyploid domestication has been comprehensively characterized in common carps, the link between genetic architecture underlying agronomic traits and subgenome divergence is unknown in the selective breeding of common carps globally.

Results: We utilized a comprehensive SNP dataset in 13 representative common carp strains worldwide to detect genome-wide genetic variations associated with scale reduction, vibrant skin color, and high growth rate in common carp domestication.

Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection.

14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY).

Alternative relay regulates the adenosine triphosphatase activity of Locusta migratoria striated muscle myosin.

Locust (Locusta migratoria) has a single striated muscle myosin heavy chain (Mhc) gene, which contains 5 clusters of alternative exclusive exons and 1 differently included penultimate exon. The alternative exons of Mhc gene encode 4 distinct regions in the myosin motor domain, that is, the N-terminal SH3-like domain, one lip of the nucleotide-binding pocket, the relay, and the converter. Here, we investigated the role of the alternative regions on the motor function of locust muscle myosin.

mC-dependent cross-regulation between nuclear reader ALYREF and writer NSUN2 promotes urothelial bladder cancer malignancy through facilitating RABL6/TK1 mRNAs splicing and stabilization.

The significance of 5-methylcytosine (mC) methylation in human malignancies has become an increasing focus of investigation. Here, we show that mC regulators including writers, readers and erasers, are predominantly upregulated in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) derived from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. In addition, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) as a methyltransferase and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) as a nuclear mC reader, are frequently coexpressed in UCB.

[Effects of Different Topdressing Nitrogen Rates on Soil Fungal Community Structure and Ecological Network in Wheat Field Under Crop Residue Retention].

Crop residue retention and fertilizer application are the main sources of soil nutrient input in fields. Crop residue retention combined with appropriate fertilizer application rates could provide necessary nutrients for crop production under the premise of environmentally friendly conditions. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of different topdressing nitrogen rates on the soil fungal community in a wheat field under crop residue retention and to evaluate the rationality of nitrogen fertilizer management in winter wheat from the perspective of soil ecological function.

Impact of the eHealth literacy, knowledge and attitudes on COVID-19 prevention behavior among residents in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China.

Objective: The pandemic of COVID-19 continues to challenge people's health worldwide. In the second year of the pandemic, adherence to COVID-19 preventive behavior is key to continuing efforts to overcome the epidemic. This study aims to assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and prevention behavior (KAP) and electronic health literacy (eHealth literacy) among Anhui residents in China.

Insect Sf9 cells are suitable for functional expression of insect, but not vertebrate, striated muscle myosin.

Insect Sf9 cells are widely used for producing recombinant proteins, including myosin. It is expected that the protein folding machinery in Sf9 cells can meet the requirement for the proper folding of exogenous myosin. Of interest is that not all class II myosins are expressed functionally in Sf9 cells.

Global airborne bacterial community-interactions with Earth's microbiomes and anthropogenic activities.

Airborne bacteria are an influential component of the Earth's microbiomes, but their community structure and biogeographic distribution patterns have yet to be understood. We analyzed the bacterial communities of 370 air particulate samples collected from 63 sites around the world and constructed an airborne bacterial reference catalog with more than 27 million nonredundant 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. We present their biogeographic pattern and decipher the interlacing of the microbiome co-occurrence network with surface environments of the Earth.

[Effects of different peanut-cotton intercropping modes on physiological characteristics and yield of peanut in late growth stage].

Using peanut cultivar Huayu 25 and cotton cultivar Liaomian 19 as experimental material, we examined the effects of different intercropping patterns on physiological characteristics of peanut in later growth stage, yield and economic benefit, based on an experiment with five treatments, including intercropping modes of 4 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (HM), 6 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (HM), 4 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (HM), sole peanut (DH) and sole cotton (DM). The results showed that intercropping mode increased the length of main stem and branches of peanut, but decreased green leaves number of main steam, leaf area index, and total dry matter accumulation. Among the intercropping modes, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root vigor, nitrate reductase activity under HM and HM were significantly higher than that under HM, as well as higher superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content.

[Effects of temperature on growth, survival, and reproduction of feeding on corn kernels].

In order to examine the effects of temperature on the growth, survival, and reproduction of (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) feeding on corn kernels, the life table parameters of at 21, 24, 27, 30 ℃ were calculated based on the age-stage two-sex life table theory, and then population dynamics of was projected based on these parameters. The results showed that the life cycles of the pest could be finished at all the four temperature treatments. The developmental duration of each stage shortened with increasing temperature, and there were significant differences among treatments.