Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Cerebellar Parallel Fiber Slow EPSC in Purkinje Neurons by Modulating STIM1-Gated TRPC3-Containing Channels.

Responding to burst stimulation of parallel fibers (PFs), cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) generate a convolved synaptic response displaying a fast excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) followed by a slow EPSC (EPSC). The latter is companied with a rise of intracellular Ca and critical for motor coordination. The genesis of EPSC in PNs results from activation of metabotropic type 1 glutamate receptor (mGluR1), oligomerization of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and opening of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channels on the plasma membrane.

Research progress on mechanism of acupuncture in treating functional constipation.

Acupuncture treatment for functional constipation (FC) is characterized by precise efficacy, rapid onset of action in the early stages, long-term stable effects, and overall regulation. This paper reviews recent literatures on acupuncture treatment for FC, indicating that acupuncture acts from multiple perspectives and pathways, including promoting intestinal motility, regulating intestinal microbiota, modulating the brain-gut axis, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and improving rectal hyposensitivity. Future research could delve into the mechanical sensation conduction mechanisms of acupuncture in improving rectal hyposensitivity, identify key intestinal microbiota genera and metabolic characteristics regulated by acupuncture, explore the network relationships among different mechanisms, and clarify the differential mechanisms of various acupuncture treatment protocols to optimize clinical therapy and enhance the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for FC.

Electroacupuncture Promotes Functional Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury in Rats by Regulating Autophagy via GDNF and PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.

Methods: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control, sham-operated, facial nerve injury (FNI), EA, EA+3-methyladenine (3-MA), and EA+GDNF antagonist groups using a random number table, with 12 rats in each group. An FNI rat model was established with facial nerve crushing method.

The gut microbiome and metabolites are altered and interrelated in patients with functional constipation.

Introduction: Gut microbiota and metabolites have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of functional constipation (FC); however, the underlying mechanism(s) have not been elucidated, and the relationship between the gut microbiota and metabolites in FC has received limited attention in the literature.

Methods: 16S rDNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomic detection based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technologies were combined to analyze the altered gut microbiome and metabolic profile of fecal samples from FC patients and healthy individuals (healthy control; HC).

Results: The richness and diversity of gut microbiota significantly ( < 0.

Advances in acupuncture regulation on the autonomic nervous system from 2013 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis via citespace.

Objective: To understand research advances and frontiers of acupuncture regulation on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) over the past decade through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods: Publications related to acupuncture regulation on the ANS were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the datasets and generate knowledge maps.

Effect of electroacupuncture on enteric neuronal autophagy in functional constipation mice.

Objectives: To explore the effect mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on functional constipation (FC) at the combined lower -sea and front- points of large intestine based on enteric neuronal autophagy.

Methods: A total of 40 SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups ( = 8), i.e.

Acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcer: A modified Delphi consensus study.

Background: Acupuncture is often used as an adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcer (GU). However, there is still a lack of evidence on the appropriate and optimal interventions for acupuncture. This study aimed to optimize the acupuncture treatment of gastric ulcers based on expert consensus for guiding acupuncturists in clinical practice.

Effects of acupuncture on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in patients with functional constipation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

To comprehensively evaluate the effect of acupuncture on gut microbiota, identify specific microbes closely related to the clinical efficacy of acupuncture, and explored the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 80 FC patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs). FC patients randomly received 16 acupuncture ( = 40) or sham acupuncture ( = 40) sessions over 4 weeks; HCs received no treatment.

L-alanyl-L-glutamine modified perfusate improves human lung cell functions and extend porcine ex vivo lung perfusion.

Background: The clinical application of normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has increased donor lung utilization for transplantation through functional assessment. To develop it as a platform for donor lung repair, reconditioning and regeneration, the perfusate should be modified to support the lung during extended EVLP.

Methods: Human lung epithelial cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were cultured, and the effects of Steen solution (commonly used EVLP perfusate) on basic cellular function were tested.

Global trends in research on miRNA-microbiome interaction from 2011 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.

An increasing number of research suggests that the microRNA (miRNA)-microbiome interaction plays an essential role in host health and diseases. This bibliometric analysis aimed to identify the status of global scientific output, research hotspots, and frontiers regarding the study of miRNA-microbiome interaction over the past decade. We retrieved miRNA-microbiome-related studies published from 2011 to 2021 from the Web of Science Core Collection database; the R package bibliometrix was used to analyze bibliometric indicators, and VOSviewer was used to visualize the field status, hotspots, and research trends of miRNA-microbiome interplay.

Manual Therapy and Related Interventions for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of Manual therapy and related interventions in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) based on Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Pathogenesis of Multinodular Goiter in Elderly XB130-Deficient Mice: Alteration of Thyroperoxidase Affinity with Iodide and Hydrogen Peroxide.

Multinodular goiter (MNG) is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland. Aging and genetic mutations that impair thyroid hormone (TH) production have been implicated in the development of MNG. XB130 is an adaptor/scaffold protein predominantly expressed in the thyroid gland.

XB130 Plays an Essential Role in Folliculogenesis Through Mediating Interactions Between Microfilament and Microtubule Systems in Thyrocytes.

XB130 (actin filament-associated protein 1-like 2, AFAP1L2) is a thyroid-abundant adaptor/scaffold protein. mice exhibit transient growth retardation postnatally due to congenital hypothyroidism with diminished thyroglobulin iodination and release at both embryonic and early postnatal stages due to disorganized thyroid apical membrane structure and function. We hypothesized that XB130 is crucial for polarity and folliculogenesis by mediating proper cytoskeletal structure and function in thyrocytes.

Nitric oxide displays a biphasic effect on calcium dynamics in microglia.

Calcium is a critical secondary messenger in microglia. In response to inflammation, microglia mobilize intracellular calcium and increase the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO). This study set to explore whether NO regulates intracellular calcium dynamics through transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in primary wildtype (WT) and iNOS knockout (iNOS) microglia, and the BV2 microglial cell line using calcium imaging and voltage-clamp recordings.

Nitric Oxide Critically Regulates Purkinje Neuron Dendritic Development Through a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 1-Mediated Mechanism.

Nitric oxide (NO), specifically derived from neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), is a well-established regulator of synaptic transmission in Purkinje neurons (PNs), governing fundamental processes such as motor learning and coordination. Previous phenotypic analyses showed similar cerebellar structures between neuronal nitric oxide null (nNOS) and wild-type (WT) adult male mice, despite prominent ataxic behavior within nNOS mice. However, a study has yet to characterize PN molecular structure and their excitatory inputs during development in nNOS mice.

Nitric oxide signaling inhibits microglia proliferation by activation of protein kinase-G.

Microglia population is primarily determined by a finely-regulated proliferation process during early development of the central nervous system (CNS). Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit proliferation in numerous cell types. However, how NO signaling regulates microglia proliferation remains elusive.

Neurexin-1α regulates neurite growth of rat hippocampal neurons.

The growth of neurites underlies the axonal pathfinding and synaptic formation during neuronal development and regeneration. Neurite growth is regulated by specific interactions between growth cone receptors and their ligands that function as molecular cues existing in microenvironments. Neurexins (NRXNs) are concentrated on growth cones and they may function to constrain axonal branches of invertebrate neurons.

Nitric oxide upregulates microglia phagocytosis and increases transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 channel expression on the plasma membrane.

Microglia phagocytosis is critical for central nervous system development, and dysregulation of phagocytosis may contribute to a variety of neurological disorders. During initial stages of phagocytosis, microglia display increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and amplified calcium entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2) channels. The present study investigated the regulatory role of iNOS/NO signaling in microglial phagocytosis and TRPV2 channel activation using phagocytosis assay, calcium imaging, patch clamp electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot assays.

XB130 deficiency enhances carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis.

XB130 is an adaptor protein that functions as a mediator of multiple tyrosine kinases important for regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Formerly predicted as an oncogene, alterations of its expression are documented in various human cancers. However, the exact role of XB130 in tumorigenesis is unknown.

Profiles analysis reveals circular RNAs involving zebrafish physiological development.

Recent studies have found that known functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) include sequestration of microRNAs (miRNAs) or proteins, modulation of transcription and interference with splicing, and even translation to produce polypeptides. The zebrafish model is also demonstrably similar to humans in many studies. To explore the changes in circRNAs during embryonic development and to further research the mechanism of action of circRNAs in development-related diseases, Zebrafish embryos at the blastula period, gastrula period, segmentation period, throat stage, and incubation period were collected.

Autocrine GABA signaling distinctively regulates phenotypic activation of mouse pulmonary macrophages.

In response to micro-environmental cues such as microbial infections or T-helper 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) cytokines, macrophages (Mϕs) develop into M1- or M2-like phenotypes. Phenotypic polarization/activation of Mϕs are also essentially regulated by autocrine signals. Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR)-mediated autocrine signaling is critical for phenotypic differentiation and transformation of various cell types.

Paracrine GABA and insulin regulate pancreatic alpha cell proliferation in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of increased proliferation of alpha cells in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Pancreatic beta cells express GAD and produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits alpha cell secretion of glucagon. We explored the roles of GABA in alpha cell proliferation in conditions corresponding to type 1 diabetes in a mouse model and in vitro.

Protective roles of hepatic GABA signaling in acute liver injury of rats.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is produced by various cells through the catalytic activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Activation of type-A GABA receptor (GABAR) inhibits stem cell proliferation but protects differentiated cells from injures. The present study investigated hepatic GABA signaling system and the role of this system in liver physiology and pathophysiology.

Interaction of acetylcholinesterase with neurexin-1β regulates glutamatergic synaptic stability in hippocampal neurons.

Background: Excess expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the cortex and hippocampus causes a decrease in the number of glutamatergic synapses and alters the expression of neurexin and neuroligin, trans-synaptic proteins that control synaptic stability. The molecular sequence and three-dimensional structure of AChE are homologous to the corresponding aspects of the ectodomain of neuroligin. This study investigated whether excess AChE interacts physically with neurexin to destabilize glutamatergic synapses.