A novel pyrazole-containing indolizine derivative suppresses NF-κB activation and protects against TNBS-induced colitis via a PPAR-γ-dependent pathway.

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated activation of macrophages plays a key role in mucosal immune responses in Crohn's disease (CD). Moreover, increasing evidence shows that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) exerts satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects in experimental colitis models, mostly by suppressing NF-κB-mediated macrophage activation. Therefore, exploring therapeutic strategies to activate PPAR-γ and inhibit the NF-κB pathway in colonic macrophages holds great promise for the treatment of CD.

Molecular evaluation of soil organic matter characteristics in three agricultural soils by improved off-line thermochemolysis: the effect of hydrofluoric acid demineralisation treatment.

The molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in three agricultural fields under different managements, was evaluated by off-line thermochemolysis followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis (THM-GC-MS). While this technique enabled the characterization of SOM components in coarse textured soil, its efficiency in heavy textured soils was seriously affected by the interference of clay minerals, which catalyzed the formation of secondary artifacts in pyrolysates. Soil demineralization with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solutions effectively improved the reliable characterization of organic compounds in clayey soils by thermochemolysis, while did not alter significantly the results of coarse textured soil.

(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl){3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)carbon-yl]-5-methyl-indolizin-1-yl}methanone.

There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H21N5O2. In each mol-ecule, the indolizine ring system is essentially planar, with r.m.

[Responses of enzyme activities in different particle-size aggregates of paddy soil in Taihu Lake region of China to long-term fertilization].

Taking a long-term fertilized paddy soil in Taihu Lake region as research object, the enzyme activities in <2, 2-20, 20-200, and 200-2000 microm aggregates under no fertilization (NF), chemical fertilization (CF), chemical fertilization plus straw return (CFS), and chemical fertilization plus pig manure (CFM) were investigated. Fertilization promoted the formation of 200-2000 microm aggregates significantly. The enzyme activities differed with aggregates' particle-size.

[Structural characteristics of humic acids from a long-term petroleum contaminated soil].

Petroleum contamination in soil decreases with the increase in the distance of soil to the drilling well. Accordingly, an abandoned petroleum well which had been exploited for about twenty years in Songyuan city of Jilin Province, China, was selected to investigate the structural characteristics of soil humic acids (HAs) under different petroleum contamination levels. Surface (0-20 cm) soil samples were collected at 0.