Subwavelength topological structures resulting from surface two-plasmon resonance by femtosecond laser exposure solid surface.

We present that surface two-plasmon resonance (STPR) in electron plasma sheet produced by a femtosecond laser irradiating a solid surface is the self-formation mechanism of periodic subwavelength ripple structures. Peaks of overdense electrons, formed by resonant two-plasmon wave mode, pull bound ions out of the metal surface. Thus, the wave pattern of STPR is "carved" on the surface by Coulomb ablation (removal) due to periodic distributed strong electrostatic field produced by charge separation.