Prediction of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery based on a deep neural network model trained with MRI images: a pilot study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reliability of a deep neural network (DNN) model trained only on contrast-enhanced T1 (T1CE) images for predicting intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (ioCSF) leaks in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS).

Methods: 396 pituitary adenoma (PA) cases were reviewed, only primary PAs with Hardy suprasellar Stages A, B, and C were included in this study. The T1CE images of these patients were collected, and sagittal and coronal T1CE slices were selected for training the DNN model.

Mild Hypothermia Combined with Hydrogen Sulfide Treatment During Resuscitation Reduces Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis Via NR2A, NR2B, and PI3K-Akt Signaling in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

We investigated whether mild hypothermia combined with sodium hydrosulfide treatment during resuscitation improves neuron survival following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury beyond that observed for the individual treatments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (n = 20 for each group). All rats underwent Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion.

Quantitative anatomic comparison of the extended pterional transtemporal transtentorial approach and the subtemporal transtentorial approach to the petroclival region.

Aim: The anatomic characters and applicability of the extended pterional transtemporal transtentorial (EPTT) approach versus the subtemporal transtentorial (ST) approach for surgical treatment of petroclival tumors were evaluated.

Material And Methods: Ten sides from five adult Chinese injected cadavers were manipulated using both two approaches. Four deep bony anatomic landmarks were specified in the skull base to create two adjoining triangles that were respectively located in the anterior and posterior petroclival region.

FTY720 for cancer therapy (Review).

2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride (FTY720) is a potent immunosuppressant which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis. As an immunosuppressant, it displays its anti-multiple sclerosis, immunosuppressive effects by activating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). In addition to the immunosuppressive effects, FTY720 also shows preclinical antitumor efficacy in several cancer models.

Knockdown of NF-E2-related factor 2 inhibits the proliferation and growth of U251MG human glioma cells in a mouse xenograft model.

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a pivotal transcription factor of cellular responses to oxidative stress and recent evidence suggests that Nrf2 plays an important role in cancer pathobiology. However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated, particularly in glioma. In the present study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in the clinical prognosis, cell proliferation and tumor growth of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Zinc as mediator of ubiquitin conjugation following traumatic brain injury.

Previous studies have shown that pathological zinc accumulation and deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates are commonly detected in many acute neural injuries, such as trauma, epilepsy and ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we assessed the effect of zinc on ubiquitin conjugation and subsequent neurodegeration following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Knockdown of Nrf2 enhances autophagy induced by temozolomide in U251 human glioma cell line.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and oxidative stress are closely linked. Oxidative stress affects many signaling pathways and may cause the induction of autophagy. The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway is the main pathway responsible for cell defense against oxidative stress and Nrf2 is a critical transcription factor related with cancer multidrug resistance.

Biphasic activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in experimental models of subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.

It has been proven that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is activated as a well-known transcription factor after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the panoramic view of NF-κB activity after SAH remained obscure. Cultured neurons were signed into control group and six hemoglobin- (Hb-) incubated groups.

Recombinant high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) promotes myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) upregulation in mouse primary cortical neurons.

Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) is a vital factor for inflammation and immunity, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) can be released from neurons after injury and may contribute to the initial stages of inflammatory response. Therefore, the current study was intended to investigate the expression of Myd88 in cultured neurons following recombinant HMGB-1 (rHMGB-1) addition and to clarify the potential role of Myd88 after neuron injury in vitro. The cultured neurons were randomly divided into six groups: control group and rHMGB-1 groups at hours 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48.

Zinc neurotoxicity to hippocampal neurons in vitro induces ubiquitin conjugation that requires p38 activation.

There is increasing evidence showing that zinc plays a key role in inducing neuronal death during central nervous system injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we assessed the effect of zinc on ubiquitin conjugation and subsequent neurodegeneration using cultured hippocampal cells.