Liraglutide combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via mediating the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests an association between beta-cell apoptosis and the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined therapy of liraglutide and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the glucose metabolism and islet beta-cell apoptosis, and further explore its relationship to the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway.

Method: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg).

Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in a predominantly Asian population with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with basal insulin: The GetGoal-L-C randomized trial.

Aims: To assess the effects on glycaemic control of lixisenatide vs placebo as add-on treatment to basal insulin (BI) ± metformin and effects on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction in patients with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Patients (n = 448) with inadequately controlled T2D were randomized (1:1) to lixisenatide or placebo as add-on to BI ± metformin for 24 weeks after an 8-week run-in phase, during which BI was titrated to a target self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG; 4.4-5.

[The design and baseline characteristics of a phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mainland China].

Objective: To assess the design and the Mainland China subgroup baseline characteristics of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as monotherapy, add-on to metformin or add-on to pioglitazone.

Methods: This was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 16-week study comparing alogliptin (ALO, 25 mg, 1/d) versus placebo (PLA) as monotherapy (A), add-on to metformin (B) or add-on to pioglitazone ± metformin (C). The T2DM subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) between 7% and 10% and aged between 18 years and 75 years were enrolled and randomized to the alogliptin group and the placebo group in 1: 1 ratio with 16 weeks treatment.

[Effects of quercetin on nuclear factor-κB p65 expression in renal ubiquitin-proteasome system of diabetic rats].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of quercetin on diabetic nephropathy and to explore its possible mechanism.

Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was established by feeding high-carbohydrate-fat diet and injecting with streptozotocin. At 72 hour after injection, blood samples were collected from the tail veins of all rats.

Antiproliferation of cardamonin is involved in mTOR on aortic smooth muscle cells in high fructose-induced insulin resistance rats.

The objective of this study was to determine possible effects and potential mechanisms of cardamonin on improving insulin resistance and vascular proliferative lesions in the rat's model system. Fed with 60% fructose-enriched diet for 12 weeks, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats developed insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. They also showed excessive proliferation of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/translation control proteins p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (P70S6K1)/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) signaling in the rat thoracic aorta.