In Vivo tissue healing mechanism at the intestinal anastomosis site following high-frequency electric welding.

To investigate the effect of High-Frequency Electric Welding (HFEW) on intestinal tissue healing, we performed end-to-end anastomosis experiments in New Zealand rabbits. Within one week post-surgery, animals exhibited normal vital signs, replaced necrotic tissue with healthy collagen, and showed improved tissue strength while inflammation decreased. By day 60, tissue pathology and function fully recovered, resembling normal tissue.

Increased water content in multifidus muscles of young adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain detected by dual-energy CT and MRI.

Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility of better diagnosing young adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) by measuring water content in paraspinal muscles using water-muscle decomposition technique in dual-energy CT (DECT) and T2-mapping in MRI.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 110 young individuals (56 with CNLBP at age of 25.7 ± 2.

Molecularly modulating solvation structure and electrode interface enables dendrite-free zinc-ion batteries.

The performance of aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by the uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites and side reactions at the Zn anode/electrolyte interface. Here, we introduce low-cost glucosamine hydrochloride (GLA) into the ZnSO electrolyte system to modulate the Zn anode/electrolyte interface and the solvation structure of Zn, which leads to improved reversibility of Zn plating/striping. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, we demonstrate that GLA molecules could adsorp on the Zn metal surface to form a new interface with reduced active water, effectively suppressing water-induced side reactions.

Fluoroalkane modified cationic polymers for personalized mRNA cancer vaccines.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, while demonstrating great successes in the fight against COVID-19, have been extensively studied in other areas such as personalized cancer immunotherapy based on tumor neoantigens. In addition to the design of mRNA sequences and modifications, the delivery carriers are also critical in the development of mRNA vaccines. In this work, we synthesized fluoroalkane-grafted polyethylenimine (F-PEI) for mRNA delivery.

DNA Engineered Lymphocyte-Based Homologous Targeting Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy.

Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) constructed by integrating T cell activation ligands on biocompatible materials hold great potential in tumor immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to develop aAPCs, which could mimic the characteristics of natural APCs, thereby realizing antigen-specific T cells activation . Here, we report the first effort to construct natural lymphocyte-based homologous targeting aAPCs (LC-aAPCs) with lipid-DNA-mediated noninvasive live cell surface engineering.

Combined biochar and double inhibitor application offsets NH and NO emissions and mitigates N leaching in paddy fields.

The effects of combined biochar and double inhibitor application on gaseous nitrogen (N; nitrous oxide [NO] and ammonia [NH]) emissions and N leaching in paddy soils remain unclear. We investigated the effects of biochar application at different rates and double inhibitor application (hydroquinone [HQ] and dicyandiamide [DCD]) on NH and NO emissions, N leaching, as well as rice yield in a paddy field, with eight treatments, including conventional urea N application at 280 kg N ha (CN); reduced N application at 240 kg N ha (RN); RN + 7.5 t ha biochar (RNB1); RN + 15 t ha biochar (RNB2); RN + HQ + DCD (RNI); RNB1 + HQ + DCD (RNIB1); RNB2 + HQ + DCD (RNIB2); and a control without N fertilizer.

Methane and nitrous oxide have separated production zones and distinct emission pathways in freshwater aquaculture ponds.

Aquaculture systems receive intensive carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) loadings, and are therefore recognized as major anthropogenic sources of methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. However, the extensively managed aquaculture ponds were identified as a hotspot of CH emission but just a weak NO source. Here, we investigate annual CH and NO fluxes from three earthen ponds used for crab culture, of different sizes, in southeast China.

Combined application of biochar with urease and nitrification inhibitors have synergistic effects on mitigating CH emissions in rice field: A three-year study.

Biochar and inhibitors applications have been proposed for mitigating soil greenhouse gas emissions. However, how biochar, inhibitors and the combination of biochar and inhibitors affect CH emissions remains unclear in paddy soils. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of biochar application alone, and in combination with urease (hydroquinone) and nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide) on CH emissions and yield-scaled CH emissions during three rice growing seasons in the Taihu Lake region (Suzhou and Jurong), China.

Human amniotic fluid stem cells labeled with up-conversion nanoparticles for imaging-monitored repairing of acute lung injury.

Human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells have generated a great deal of excitement in cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Here, we examined the effect of hAFS cells labeled with dual-polymer-coated UCNP-PEG-PEI nanoparticles in a murine model of acute lung injury (ALI). We observed hAFS cells migration to the lung using highly sensitive in vivo upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging.

Hyaluronidase To Enhance Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Tumor Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a safe and selective way to treat a wide range of cancers as well as nononcological disorders. However, as oxygen is required in the process of PDT, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has largely limited the efficacy of PDT to treat tumors especially those with relatively large sizes. To this end, we uncover that hyaluronidase (HAase), which breaks down hyaluronan, a major component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors, would be able to enhance the efficacy of nanoparticle-based PDT for in vivo cancer treatment.

[Research progresses on methanogenesis pathway and methanogens in coastal wetlands].

Coastal wetlands contribute about 75% to the global oceanic CH emissions, thus play a vital role in global C cycles. In this paper, we provided a perspective on researches on metabolic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the methanogenic archaea and the regulating environmental factors in coastal wetlands. Because of the presence of more favorable electron acceptors such as sulfate, methanogenesis via CO reduction and acetate fermentation are limited by availability of substrates, and hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens generally express low relative abundance.

Hybrid polymeric nano-capsules loaded with gold nanoclusters and indocyanine green for dual-modal imaging and photothermal therapy.

Currently there is a great need to design nano-carriers which enable multi-modal imaging of tumors and administration of therapeutics with high efficacy simultaneously. Herein we report a facile and robust approach to fabricate multifunctional nano-capsules based on double emulsions. The hybrid nano-capsules were loaded with BSA capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and indocyanine green (ICG) for dual-modal imaging and effective photothermal therapy.

[Application of Ocular Trauma Score in Mechanical Ocular Injury in Forensic Medicine].

Objective: To evaluate the application value for the prognosis of mechanical ocular injury cases using ocular trauma score (OTS).

Methods: Four hundred and eleven cases of mechanical ocular trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 449 eyes, there were 317 closed globe injury and 132 open globe injury.

Functionalized graphene oxide serves as a novel vaccine nano-adjuvant for robust stimulation of cellular immunity.

Benefiting from their unique physicochemical properties, graphene derivatives have attracted great attention in biomedicine. In this study, we carefully engineered graphene oxide (GO) as a vaccine adjuvant for immunotherapy using urease B (Ure B) as the model antigen. Ure B is a specific antigen for Helicobacter pylori, which is a class I carcinogen for gastric cancer.

Shifts in methanogen community structure and function across a coastal marsh transect: effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion.

Invasion of Spartina alterniflora in coastal areas of China increased methane (CH4) emissions. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we measured CH4 production potential, methanogen community structure and biogeochemical factors along a coastal wetland transect comprised of five habitat regions: open water, bare tidal flat, invasive S. alterniflora marsh and native Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis marshes.

Stimulation of immune systems by conjugated polymers and their potential as an alternative vaccine adjuvant.

Unlabelled: Recently, conjugated polymers have been widely explored in the field of nanomedicine. Careful evaluations of their biological effects are thus urgently needed. Hereby, we systematically evaluated the biological effects of different types of conjugated polymers on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which play critical roles in the innate and adaptive immune systems, respectively.

Substrate sources regulate spatial variation of metabolically active methanogens from two contrasting freshwater wetlands.

There is ample evidence that methane (CH4) emissions from natural wetlands exhibit large spatial variations at a field scale. However, little is known about the metabolically active methanogens mediating these differences. We explored the spatial patterns in active methanogens of summer inundated Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh with low CH4 emissions and permanently inundated Carex lasiocarpa marsh with high CH4 emissions in Sanjiang Plain, China.

Antigen-Loaded Upconversion Nanoparticles for Dendritic Cell Stimulation, Tracking, and Vaccination in Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy.

A dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, which is based on efficient antigen delivery into DCs and migration of antigen-pulsed DCs to draining lymph nodes after vaccination, is an effective strategy in initiating CD8(+) T cell immunity for immunotherapy. Herein, antigen-loaded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are used to label and stimulate DCs, which could be precisely tracked after being injected into animals and induce an antigen-specific immune response. It is discovered that a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), could be adsorbed on the surface of dual-polymer-coated UCNPs via electrostatic interaction, forming nanoparticle-antigen complexes, which are efficiently engulfed by DCs and induce DC maturation and cytokine release.

[Correlation between visual acuity and fixation characteristics].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of fixation characteristics to evaluate visual acuity.

Methods: The fixation characteristics were examined in 75 subjects by MP-1 microperimeter. These subjects were divided into 3 groups: central fixation group, uncertain group and eccentric fixation group, and the differences of visual acuity among them were analyzed.

Exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion alters ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CH4 and N2O and carbon sequestration in a coastal salt marsh in China.

Coastal salt marshes are sensitive to global climate change and may play an important role in mitigating global warming. To evaluate the impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on global warming potential (GWP) in Chinese coastal areas, we measured CH4 and N2O fluxes and soil organic carbon sequestration rates along a transect of coastal wetlands in Jiangsu province, China, including open water; bare tidal flat; and invasive S. alterniflora, native Suaeda salsa, and Phragmites australis marshes.

Immunological responses triggered by photothermal therapy with carbon nanotubes in combination with anti-CTLA-4 therapy to inhibit cancer metastasis.

Photothermal ablation of primary tumors with single-walled carbon nanotubes is demonstrated to be able to trigger significant adaptive immune responses, which are not observed if tumors are removed by surgical resection. Such a treatment in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy is able to prevent the development of tumor metastasis, which is a major cause of cancer death.

Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing graphene oxide as hole conductor.

Graphene oxide (GO) is employed as a hole conductor in inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells, and the devices with CH₃NH₃PbI₃-xClx as absorber achieve an efficiency of over 12%. The perovskite film grown on GO exhibits enhanced crystallization, high surface coverage ratio as well as preferred in-plane orientation of the (110) plane. Efficient hole extraction from the perovskite to GO is demonstrated.