[Influence of the dentin smear layer trait on the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cements].

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the influence of smear layer on the bonding effectiveness and durability of the self-adhesive resin cements to dentin.

Methods: A total of 48 fresh caries-free third molars with exposed dentin surface were divided into two groups. The dentin surfaces were treated using a standard grit diamond bur (group A) or further polished using a fine grit diamond bur (group B) and then bonded with either of the two self-adhesive resin cements, namely, Clearfil SA Cement (CSA, Kuraray) and Multilink Speed (MS, Ivoclar Vivadent).

Consensus scoring model for the molecular docking study of mTOR kinase inhibitor.

The discovery of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors has always been a research hotspot of antitumor drugs. Consensus scoring used in the docking study of mTOR kinase inhibitors usually improves hit rate of virtual screening. Herein, we attempt to build a series of consensus scoring models based on a set of the common scoring functions.

A furoviral replicase recruits host HSP70 to membranes for viral RNA replication.

Many host factors have been identified to be involved in viral infection. However, although furoviruses cause important diseases of cereals worldwide, no host factors have yet been identified that interact with furoviral genes or participate in the viral infection cycle. In this study, both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 were up-regulated in Chinese wheat mosaic furovirus (CWMV)-infected plants.

[Polymerization of flowable composite core materials irradiated by super-high intensity light with short time].

Purpose: To evaluate the polymerization of dual-cured flowable composite core irradiated by super-high intensity light with short time.

Methods: The light-proof silicon rubber cuboid mold with one end open was syringed and filled by dual-cured flowable resin composite core, then the open end of mold was irradiated directly by a light unit at 1000 mW/cm(2) ×10, ×20 s; or at 3200 mW/cm(2) × 3, ×6 s. The specimens were stored in the light-proof box.

[Influence of light irradiation mode on microhardness of dual cured resin cements].

Purpose: To investigate the influence of different light irradiation modes on microhardness of dual-curing resin cements.

Methods: The cylindrical specimens (1 mm in thickness and 7.5 mm in diameter) of 5 self-adhesive resin cements (Biscem, Clearfil SA Cement, G-CEM LinkAce, Maxcem Elite and RelyX U100) and 2 universal resin cements(DUOLINK and Nexus 3) were irradiated respectively by a continuous mode (light-curing for 20 s) and a delayed mode (light-curing 5 s + auto-curing 60 s + light-curing 20 s), and then they were placed dry in a light-proof thermostat at 37 degrees centigrade.

Genetic structure and demographic history reveal migration of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from the southern to northern regions of China.

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of cruciferous plants worldwide. Biological, ecological and genetic studies have indicated that this moth is migratory in many regions around the world. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in China and cause heavy damage, little is known concerning its migration.

[Effect of curing modes on knoop hardness and microtensile bond strength of two dentin adhesives].

Objective: To evaluated the effect of curing modes and light-cure times on knoop hardness (KH) and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of dentin adhesives in vitro.

Methods: Twenty molars were made into 80 dentin slices (about 1 mm thick). The dentin slices were prepared with an etch&rinse adhesive A (ONE-STEP PLUS) and a self-etch adhesive B (Clearfil SE Bond), and light-cured respectively under fast mode, i.

[Effects of sandblasting on surface character and resin bond of zirconia ceramic].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Al2O3 particles sandblasting on the surface roughness, element composition and resin bond durability of zirconia ceramic.

Methods: Sixty 2.5 mm thick computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) zirconia ceramic (Vita Inceram YZ) plates were fired, polished and cleaned.

[The comparative research on resin bond strength and durability of two machinable glass ceramic].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different silane couplers on bond strength and durability of two machinable glass ceramics to resin cement.

Methods: Two machinable glass ceramics (A and B) were silanized by three silane couplers (A, B, C), and were bonded with a resin cement (G-CEM) to form micro-shear test specimens of six groups. The specimens of each group were subdivided into two subgroups, and their micro-shear bond strength was measured before and after 10000 thermal cycles.

[Research on the resin bond durability of glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic].

Objective: To analyze the effect of different silane coupling agents on the resin bond durability of glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic. Methods A glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic was silanized or not by three silane coupling agents. The treated ceramic surfaces were bonded with two resin cements.

[Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching time on the resin bond durability of glass ceramic].

Objective: To analyze the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) etching time on the resin bond durability of glass ceramic.

Methods: Three groups of samples of machinable glass ceramic (ProCAD) were etched by 4.8% HFA for 0, 30 and 60 s respectively.

[Bond durability of self-adhesive resin cement to glass ceramic].

Objective: To evaluate the bond durability of glass ceramic to self-adhesive and conventional resin cements.

Methods: Maximum water sorption and solubility of two resin cements (A: self-adhesive type, G-CEM; B: conventional type, Linkmax HV) were measured during 6 week water storage. And their surface Knoop hardness number was measured at 0.

[Effect of irradiation intensity on dual-cured resin/ceramic bond durability].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of light irradiation intensity on bond durability of dual-cured resin luting agents to silanized ceramics.

Methods: Linkmax HV (LMHV), Nexus 2 (NX2), Variolink II HV (VL II HV) as dual-cured resin luting agents were bonded to silanized GN-I glass ceramics, and irradiated by 800, 310 and 80 mW x cm(-2) light intensity to form micro-shear test specimens. After 1, 90 d water storage, micro-shear bond strength of silanized resin/ceramic luting agent were measured.

Characterization of midgut trypsinogen-like cDNA and enzymatic activity in Plutella xylostella parasitized by Cotesia vestalis or Diadegma semiclausum.

Protein digestion in insects is a result of the action of a complex of proteinases present in the midgut. In this report we describe the cloning and sequencing of a trypsin cDNA from larvae of the lepidopteran herbivore Plutella xylostella. We investigated the expression of this gene and enzymatic activity of its translation product with N-a-benzoyl-l-arginine p-nitroanilide (BApNA) as substrate in P.

Population genetic structure of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): strong subdivision in China inferred from microsatellite markers and mtDNA gene sequences.

Chilo suppressalis (Walker) displays significant geographical differences in ecological preference that may be congruent with patterns of molecular variation. To test this, we collected and analysed 381 individuals of this species from cultivated rice at 18 localities in China during the rice-growing season of 2005-2006. We used four microsatellite DNA markers and four mitochondrial DNA gene fragments.

Digital color image watermarking based on phase-shifting interferometry and neighboring pixel value subtraction algorithm in the discrete-cosine-transform domain.

A novel single-channel color-image watermarking with digital-optics means based on phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) and a neighboring pixel value subtraction algorithm in the discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) domain is proposed. The converted two-dimensional indexed image matrix from an original color image is encrypted to four interferograms by a PSI and double random-phase encoding technique. Then the interferograms are embedded in one chosen channel of an enlarged color host image in the DCT domain.

Information security system by iterative multiple-phase retrieval and pixel random permutation.

A novel information security system based on multiple-phase retrieval by an iterative Fresnel-transform algorithm and pixel random permutation (PRP) technique is proposed. In this method a series of phase masks cascaded in free space are employed and the phase distributions of all the masks are adjusted simultaneously in each iteration. It can achieve faster convergence and better quality of the recovered image compared with double-phase encoding and a similar approach in the spatial-frequency domain with the same number of phase masks and can provide a higher degree of freedom in key space with more geometric parameters as supplementary keys.

Experimental demonstrations of the digital correction of complex wave errors caused by arbitrary phase-shift errors in phase-shifting interferometry.

In previous papers we proposed a digital method of correcting both amplitude and phase distortions caused by arbitrary phase-shift errors in standard four-frame phase-shifting interferometry (PSI), then extended it to the most generalized PSI, and showed the validity of this technique by computer simulations. Here some new simulations and a series of optical experiments with a plane wave, a spherical wave, and a piece of glass as objects are reported. The experimental results have further proved the correctness of our theoretical analysis and confirmed that our method is able to suppress double-frequency fringes in the retrieved amplitude map and the distortions in the phase map that are introduced by phase-shift errors such as to effectively eliminate the wave ripples and wall-like structures that are present in the unwrapped phase map owing to these errors.