Lactylation-driven TNFR2 expression in regulatory T cells promotes the progression of malignant pleural effusion.

Background: Although tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been recognized as an attractive next-generation candidate target for cancer immunotherapy, the factors that regulate the gene expression and their mechanistic effects on tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Treg cells) remain poorly understood.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was employed to analyze the phenotypic and functional differences between TNFR2 Treg cells and TNFR2 Treg cells. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from humans and mouse was used to investigate the potential mechanisms by which lactate regulates TNFR2 expression.

Different effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on the intestinal flora and gut-liver axis in weaned piglets.

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in modulating the balance of intestinal flora and the gut-liver axis, while also serving as a key determinant of the growth potential of weaned piglets. However, few studies have subdivided and compared acute and chronic oxidative stress.

Methods: In this study, an intestinal model of acute oxidative stress in weaned piglets using paraquat (PQ) and a chronic oxidative stress model using D-galactosa in weaned piglets were conducted.

Efficacy and safety of different cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is no standard consensus on the optimal number of cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy prior to surgery for patients with locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We carried out a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with different treatment cycles in order to provide valuable information for clinical decision-making.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.

Effects of fermented sweet potato residue on nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes in broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary fermented sweet potato residue (FSPR) supplementation as a substitute for corn on the nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes of yellow-feathered broilers. Experiment 1 (force-feeding) evaluated the nutrient composition and digestibility of mixtures with different proportions of sweet potato residue (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) before and after fermentation. In Experiment 2 (metabolic growth), a total of 420 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups and fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with 0, 5%, 8%, and 10% FSPR as a substitute for corn.

Zinc lactate alleviates oxidative stress by modulating crosstalk between constitutive androstane receptor signaling pathway and gut microbiota profile in weaned piglets.

This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of dietary zinc lactate (ZL) supplementation on intestinal oxidative stress damage in a paraquat (PQ)-induced piglet model. Twenty-eight piglets (mean body weight 9.51 ± 0.

C1q tumor-associated macrophages contribute to immunosuppression through fatty acid metabolic reprogramming in malignant pleural effusion.

Background: Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shown remarkable benefits in cancers, a subset of patients with cancer exhibits unresponsiveness or develop acquired resistance due to the existence of abundant immunosuppressive cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as the dominant immunosuppressive population, impede the antitumor immune response; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed to portray macrophage landscape and revealed the underlying mechanism of component 1q (C1q) TAMs.

Promising immunotherapeutic targets in lung cancer based on single-cell RNA sequencing.

Immunotherapy has made great strides in the treatment of lung cancer, but a significant proportion of patients still do not respond to treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel targets is crucial to improving the response to immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche composed of diverse pro-tumor molecules and cell populations, making the function and mechanism of a unique cell subset difficult to understand.

Targeting CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity.

Chemokines are chemotactic-competent molecules composed of a family of small cytokines, playing a key role in regulating tumor progression. The roles of chemokines in antitumor immune responses are of great interest. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are important members of chemokines.

Circular RNA circFBXO7 attenuates non-small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis by sponging miR-296-3p to facilitate KLF15-mediated transcriptional activation of CDKN1A.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in various cancers. Hsa_circ_0008832 (circFBXO7) is a circRNA generated from the second exon of the human F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7). Mouse circFbxo7 is a circRNA generated from the second exon of mouse F-box only protein 7 (Fbxo7).

Silencing of circCRIM1 Drives IGF2BP1-Mediated NSCLC Immune Evasion.

Objectives: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to have significant impacts on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression through various mechanisms. However, the mechanism of circRNAs modulating tumor immune evasion in NSCLC has yet to be well-revealed.

Materials And Methods: Through analyzing the expression profiles of circRNAs in NSCLC tissues, RNA FISH, pull-down assay, mass spectrometry analysis, and RIP, circCRIM1 was identified, and its interaction with IGF2BP1 was confirmed.

Glutathione Protects against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress by Regulating Intestinal Barrier, Antioxidant Capacity, and CAR Signaling Pathway in Weaned Piglets.

Endogenous glutathione (GSH) effectively regulates redox homeostasis in the body. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of different dietary levels of GSH supplementation on the intestinal barrier and antioxidant function in a paraquat-induced stress-weaned piglet model. Our results showed that dietary 0.

Altered phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of FOXP3CD3CD56 natural killer T (NKT)-like cells in human malignant pleural effusion.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a functional 'cold' tumor microenvironment in which the antitumor activity of CD8 T cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells is suppressed and the function of regulatory T (T) cells is enhanced. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining, we detected a distinct subset of NKT-like cells expressing FOXP3 in MPE. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we found that the glycolysis pathway and pyruvate metabolism were highly activated in FOXP3 NKT-like cells.

High-risk early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients are identified by an immune-related circadian clock gene signature.

Background: Twenty-four-hour oscillations of circadian rhythms control comprehensive biological processes in the human body. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), chronic circadian rhythm disruption is positively associated with tumorigenesis. However, few studies focus on circadian clock gene signatures (CGSs) for prognosis evaluation of patients with early-stage LUAD.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Vital suppressors of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment.

Since the "seed and soil" hypothesis was proposed, the biological functions of the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially its stromal components, have received increasing attention. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major components of the stromal region, providing material support for tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, CAFs are important mediators of suppressing immune responses by attracting the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells through cytokine/chemokine secretion.

HIV-child with disseminated Talaromyces Marneffei (Penicillium marneffei) infection: a rare severe case report.

Background: Talaromyces Marneffei (Penicillium marneffei, T.marneffei) has been frequently reported in patients with adult acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Still, cases of children with HIV combined with T.

Development and Validation of a Prognostic Autophagy-Related Gene Pair Index Related to Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The role of autophagy in lung cancer is context-dependent and complex. Recent studies have reported the important role of autophagy in tumor immune escape. However, the association between autophagy and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear.

IL-26 promotes the pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusion by enhancing CD4 IL-22 T-cell differentiation and inhibiting CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity.

IL-26 is a newly discovered IL-10 cytokine family member mainly secreted by Th17 cells. However, the relationship between IL-26 and lung cancer remains unclear. The present study reported that IL-26 is involved in the production and promotion of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) for the first time.

Co-infection of SARS-COV-2 and Influenza A Virus: A Case Series and Fast Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs in the influenza season and has become a global pandemic. The present study aimed to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection with influenza A virus (IAV) in an attempt to provide clues for the antiviral interventions of co-infected patients. We described two patients who were co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and IAV treated at Wuhan Union Hospital, China.

Accumulation of TNFR2-expressing regulatory T cells in malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may represent a major cellular mechanism in immune suppression by dampening the anti-tumor response in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFR2) has emerged as a novel identification for the maximally suppressive subset of Tregs in the tumor environment. At present, the significance of TNFR2 expression on Tregs in MPE remains unclear.

Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19 Is Associated with Improvements in Lung Abnormalities.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a lung disease that may progress to systemic organ involvement and in some cases, death. The identification of the earliest predictors of progressive lung disease would allow for therapeutic intervention in those cases. In an earlier clinical study, individuals with moderate COVID-19 were treated with either arbidol (ARB) or inhaled interferon (IFN)-α2b +/-ARB.

Corrigendum: Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19.

The global pandemic of COVID-19 cases caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing, with no approved antiviral intervention. We describe here the effects of treatment with interferon (IFN)-α2b in a cohort of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Wuhan, China. In this uncontrolled, exploratory study, 77 adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 were treated with either nebulized IFN-α2b (5 mU b.

Interconnecting semiconducting molecules with non-conjugated soft linkers: a way to improve film formation quality without sacrifice in charge mobility.

The formation of high quality homogeneous active component films is essential to the fabrication of many organic optoelectronic devices, especially those having a large area module. However, most small molecule (SM) semiconductors are unable to achieve such a goal solution processing because their large and rigid π-conjugated structures generally drive them to aggregate or crystallize into inhomogeneous domains in the process. In this work, a SM semiconductor (SM-DPP6T) based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) center with three thiophene units on both sides encounters the same problem.

miRNA-337-3p inhibits gastric cancer progression through repressing myeloid zinc finger 1-facilitated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 14.

Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14), a membrane-anchored MMP that promotes the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, is highly expressed in gastric cancer. However, the transcriptional regulators of MMP-14 expression in gastric cancer still remain largely unknown. In this study, through mining computational algorithm programs and chromatin immunoprecipitation datasets, we identified adjacent binding sites of myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) and miRNA-337-3p (miR-337-3p) within the MMP-14 promoter.

Iatrogenic hemobilia: imaging features and management with transcatheter arterial embolization in 30 patients.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the imaging features of computed tomography (CT) and angiography and the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients with hemobilia of different iatrogenic causes.

Methods: Thirty patients with hemobilia were divided into two groups according to their iatrogenic causes, i.e.