Correction: Zhang et al. Astaxanthin Alleviates Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats: Possible Involvement of Akt/Bad Signaling. 2014, , 4291.

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Dihydromyricetin confers cerebroprotection against subarachnoid hemorrhage via the Nrf2-dependent Prx2 signaling cascade.

Background: Several clinical and experimental studies have shown that therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative damage are beneficial for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A brain-permeable flavonoid, dihydromyricetin (DHM), can modulate redox/oxidative stress and has cerebroprotective effects in several neurological disorders. The effects of DHM on post-SAH early brain injury (EBI) and the underlying mechanism have yet to be clarified.

Comparison of revascularization and conservative treatment for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease in East Asian Countries: a single-center case series and a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: The optimal treatment approach for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (HMMD) remains a topic of debate, particularly regarding the comparative efficacy of revascularization versus conservative treatment. Our study, which included a single-center case series and a systematic review with meta-analysis, aimed to determine whether surgical revascularization is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative rebleeding, ischemic events, and mortality compared to conservative treatment among East Asian HMMD patients.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Wanfang Med Online (WMO), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI).

MAC mediates mammary duct epithelial cell injury in plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis.

Unlabelled: Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are common inflammatory nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM is still unclear.

Methods: In this study, we statistically analyzed the pathological features of PCM and GM using pathological HE staining and tissue transmission electron microscopy.

Isoliquiritigenin mitigates oxidative damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro by regulating Nrf2-dependent Signaling Pathway via Targeting of SIRT1.

Background: Oxidative stress is a crucial factor leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI). Isoliquiritigenin has been verified as a powerful anti-oxidant in a variety of diseases models and can activate sirtuin 1 and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. However, the effects of isoliquiritigenin against EBI after SAH and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Activation of C3 and C5 May Be Involved in the Inflammatory Progression of PCM and GM.

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are the most common inflammatory diseases constituting nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM remains unclear. In this study, risk factors for NBM were assessed, as well as the pathological features of PCM and GM.

SIRT1 Promotes M2 Microglia Polarization Reducing ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Mounting evidence has suggested that modulating microglia polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 state might be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) injury. Our previous study has indicated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) could ameliorate early brain injury (EBI) in SAH by reducing oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. However, the effects of SIRT1 on microglial polarization and the underlying molecular mechanisms after SAH have not been fully illustrated.

Luteolin Confers Cerebroprotection after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Suppression of NLPR3 Inflammasome Activation through Nrf2-Dependent Pathway.

Luteolin (LUT) possesses multiple biologic functions and has beneficial effects for cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of LUT against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the involvement of underlying molecular mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, LUT significantly inhibited SAH-induced neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduced microglia activation, decreased neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine release.

Cerebroprotection by dioscin after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through SIRT1-dependent pathway.

Background And Purpose: Dioscin has multiple biological activities and is beneficial for cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of dioscin against subarachnoid haemorrhage and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Experimental Approach: Dioscin was administered after subarachnoid haemorrhage induced in rats.

Resolvin D1 Attenuates Innate Immune Reactions in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rat Model.

Excessive inflammation is a major cause contributing to early brain injury (EBI) and is associated with negative or catastrophic outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Resolvin D1 (RvD1) exerts strong anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects on either acute or chronic inflammation of various origin. Henceforth, we hypothesized that RvD1 potentially attenuates excessive inflammation in EBI following SAH.

Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via SIRT1/NRF2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 after traumatic brain injury in mice.

Background And Purpose: Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play key roles in traumatic brain injury. We investigated the protective effects of astaxanthin against traumatic brain injury and its underlying mechanisms of action.

Experimental Approach: A weight-drop model of traumatic brain injury in vivo and hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro model were established.

Fucoxanthin Mitigates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Oxidative Damage via Sirtuin 1-Dependent Pathway.

Oxidative stress is a key component of the pathological cascade in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fucoxanthin (Fx) possesses a strong antioxidant property and has shown neuroprotective effects in acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Fx against SAH-induced oxidative insults and the possible molecular mechanisms.

Berberine Ameliorates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Injury Induction of Sirtuin 1 and Inhibiting HMGB1/Nf-κB Pathway.

Excessive cerebral inflammation plays a key role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chinese herb Coptis chinensis, possesses anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Here we evaluated the beneficial effects of berberine against SAH-induced inflammatory response and the subsequent brain injury.

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury.

Background: Aucubin (Au), an iridoid glycoside from natural plants, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, its effects on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model remain unknown. We explored the potential role of Au in an HO-induced oxidant damage in primary cortical neurons and weight-drop induced-TBI in a mouse model.

Methods: In vitro experiments, the various concentrations of Au (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, or 200 μg/ml) were added in culture medium at 0 h and 6 h after neurons stimulated by HO (100 μM).

DHEA Attenuates Microglial Activation via Induction of JMJD3 in Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

Background: Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system and central to the innate immune system. Excessive activation of microglia after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) contributes greatly to early brain injury, which is responsible for poor outcomes. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone enriched in the brain, has recently been found to regulate microglial activation.

Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoparticles to Neurons: An Enhanced Potential for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treatment.

Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid that exerts strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property deriving from its highly unsaturated molecular structures. However, the low stability and solubility of ATX results in poor bioavailability, which markedly hampers its application as therapeutic agent in clinic advancement. This study investigated a promising way of transferrin conjugated to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-encapsulated ATX nanoparticles (ATX-NPs) on targeted delivery and evaluated the possible mechanism underlying neuroprotection capability.

Allicin attenuates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Early Brain Injury, rather than Cerebral Vasospasm, has been demonstrated to be more important for patients with Subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is considered that allicin can make sense in a wide range of pharmacological areas and can be taken as a therapeutic method in many pathologic situations. We have explored the potential effect of allicin and possible mechanisms in Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Peroxiredoxin 1/2 protects brain against HO-induced apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Recent studies suggest that peroxiredoxin1/2 (Prx1/2) may be involved in the pathophysiology of postischemic inflammatory responses in the brain. In this study, we assessed the distribution and function of Prx1/2 in mice after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the distribution of Prx1/2 in the brains of mice both in vivo and in vitro using immunofluorescence staining.

[Focused low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction: Preliminary observation of 32 cases].

Objective: To make a preliminary investigation on the safety and efficacy of focused low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods: We treated 32 ED patients by focused LI-ESWT with the device of Medispec's ED1000. Before and at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment, we evaluated the erectile function of the patients using the International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function domain (IIEF-EF), Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP2 and SEP3), and Global Assessment Questionnaire questions 1 and 2 (GAQ1 and GAQ2), and recorded the incidence rate of adverse events.

[Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for Peyronie's disease: A preliminary study of 32 cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) on Peyronie's disease.

Methods: From October 2016 to December 2017, we treated 32 cases of Peyronie's disease by LI-ESWT, with the therapeutic index of 0.09 mJ/mm2 and a pulse frequency of 120 beats/min.

[Clinicopathological features and management of penile verrucous carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma (VC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 18 penile VC patients at the mean age of 52 (35－66) years. The tumors were cauliflower-like, measuring 2.

Recombinant milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 reduces apoptosis via integrin β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats after traumatic brain injury.

Accumulating evidence suggests neuronal apoptosis has the potential to lead to more harmful effects in the pathological processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have established that milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8) provides neuroprotection through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and especially apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on neuronal apoptosis in TBI have not yet been investigated.