Publications by authors named "Xiang Jun Hu"

Nucleoside analogues have seen significant advancements in treating viral infections and cancer through ProTide technology, leading to a series of FDA-approved drugs such as sofosbuvir, tenofovir alafenamide, and remdesivir. The stereochemical configuration at the phosphorus center of ProTides significantly influences their pharmacological properties, necessitating efficient stereoselective synthesis. Traditional methods using chiral auxiliaries or nonracemic phosphorylating agents are labor-intensive and inefficient, while recent organocatalytic approaches, despite their promise, still face limitations.

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Article Synopsis
  • Microwave technology raises health concerns, particularly regarding its effects on the central nervous system, where exposure can disrupt neurotransmitter release and lead to cognitive dysfunction.
  • The study investigates how microwave exposure alters the phosphorylation of SYN1, specifically focusing on the roles of kinases like Cdk5 and MEK in regulating neurotransmitter release, especially GABA.
  • Findings suggest that increased levels of Cdk5 may negatively impact SYN1 phosphorylation, leading to issues in synapse formation and GABA release, which could underlie cognitive impairments associated with microwave exposure.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A detailed review of recent research highlights various aspects affected by microwave radiation in the brain, especially the hippocampus, including learning, memory, and brain wave patterns.
  • * The studies analyzed have inconsistencies due to differing experimental parameters like frequency and power, leading to unreliable data; thus, further rigorous research is needed to clarify the relationship between microwave exposure and its biological effects.
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The popularization of microwave raised concerns about its influence on health including cognitive function which is associated greatly with dendritic spines plasticity. SNK-SPAR is a molecular pathway for neuronal homeostatic plasticity during chronically elevated activity. In this study, Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves (30 mW/cm for 6 min, 3 times/week for 6 weeks).

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Recent studies have highlighted the important role of the postsynaptic NMDAR-PSD95-CaMKII pathway for synaptic transmission and related neuronal injury. Here, we tested changes in the components of this pathway upon microwave-induced neuronal structure and function impairments. Ultrastructural and functional changes were induced in hippocampal neurons of rats and in PC12 cells exposed to microwave radiation.

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Microwave radiation has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and neuronal injury in animal models and in human investigations; however, the mechanism of these effects is unclear. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the rat GRIN2B promoter region were screened. The associations of these SNPs with microwave-induced rat brain dysfunction and with rat pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cell function were investigated.

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The increased use of microwaves raises concerns about its impact on health including cognitive function in which neurotransmitter system plays an important role. In this study, we focused on the serotonin system and evaluated the long term effects of chronic microwave radiation on cognition and correlated items. Wistar rats were exposed or sham exposed to 2.

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Microwaves have been suggested to induce neuronal injury and increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the mechanism remains unknown. The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Flk-1-Raf/MAPK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in structural and functional injury of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following microwave exposure was examined. An in vitro BBB model composed of the ECV304 cell line and primary rat cerebral astrocytes was exposed to microwave radiation (50 mW/cm(2), 5 min).

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There has been growing public concern regarding exposure to microwave fields as a potential human health hazard. This study aimed to identify sensitive biochemical indexes for the detection of injury induced by microwave exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 6 min per day, 5 days per week over a period of 1 month at an average power density of 5 mW/cm(2) (specific absorption rate of 2.

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Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) after microwave exposure and the correlation with the brain injury by radiation.

Methods: 70 male rats were exposed to microwave whose average power density was 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) respectively. Rats were sacrificed at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after exposure.

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Aim: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation on expression and phosphorylation of synapsin I and to discover the mechanism by research on the change of expression of BDNF and its receptor, TrkB.

Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to microwave with average power density being 30 mW/cm(2). HPLC was used to detect the release of amino acids; RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expressions of synapsin I, BDNF and TrkB; immune co-precipitation was used to study the interaction of BDNF and TrkB.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation on synaptic structure, characteristic of synaptosome, the contents and release of neurotransmitters in hippocampus in Wistar rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 30 mW/cm(2). Electron telescope was used to study the change of the synaptic structure at 6 h after radiation and to identify synaptosome.

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Objective: To study the changes of morphology and function in rat hippocampus induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.

Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were radiated by HPM. Then their learning and memory abilities were tested with Y maze and were sacrificed 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after radiation.

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