Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation.

Traditionally, the carnitine pool is closely related to fatty acid metabolism. However, with increasing research, the pleiotropic effects of the carnitine pool have gradually emerged. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively investigate of the emerging understanding of the pleiotropic role of the carnitine pool, carnitine/acylcarnitines are not only auxiliaries or metabolites of fatty acid oxidation, but also play more complex and diverse roles, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, epigenetic regulation, regulation of inflammation and the immune system, tumor biology, signal transduction, and neuroprotection.

Learning Photometric Feature Transform for Free-Form Object Scan.

We propose a novel framework to automatically learn to aggregate and transform photometric measurements from multiple unstructured views into spatially distinctive and view-invariant low-level features, which are subsequently fed to a multi-view stereo pipeline to enhance 3D reconstruction. The illumination conditions during acquisition and the feature transform are jointly trained on a large amount of synthetic data. We further build a system to reconstruct both the geometry and anisotropic reflectance of a variety of challenging objects from hand-held scans.

Aspirin increases the risk of acute kidney injury in critical patients with chest trauma: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly utilized in trauma patients, particularly those with critical chest trauma who are susceptible to significant blood loss, leading to renal hypoperfusion. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to carry a poor prognosis in chest trauma patients. Therefore, investigating the potential association between NSAID use and AKI risk in critical patients with chest trauma is crucial.

Clinical Indicator Analysis: Unraveling the Distinct Clinical Characteristics of Kümmell's Disease Compared to Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To examine the differences in various clinical indicators between Kümmell's disease (KD) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), in order to assist in the diagnosis of KD and provide a foundation for further analysis of its risk factors.

Summary Of Background Data: The mechanisms underlying the progression of OVCF to KD remain unclear, and research analyzing the indicators between the two conditions is still limited.

Biochanin A Mitigates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Modulation of the NF-κB/Cbl-b/NLRP3 Signaling Axis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of biochanin A (BCA) on cardiac hypertrophy and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The research question was whether BCA can reverse heart dysfunction and attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and AngII, respectively, and how it interacts with the NLRP3 pyroptosis pathway to achieve these effects.

Methods: We employed an animal model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and an in vitro model of AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy to assess the effects of BCA.

Cryo-EM reveals a composite flavobicluster electron bifurcation site in the Bfu family member NfnABC.

The BfuABC family is a diverse group of electron bifurcating enzymes that play key roles in anaerobic microbial metabolism. Previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the BfuABC-type hydrogenases but the mechanism and site of electron bifurcation remain unknown. Herein we focus on the Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (Csac) NfnABC-type Bfu enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of NADPH and simultaneous reduction of NAD and the redox protein ferredoxin (Fd).

Modulation of the structure and morphology of NiCoS by varying the anion types of nickel and cobalt salts to achieve high-rate supercapacitive performance.

In this work, the structure and morphology of NiCoS (NCS) were modulated by varying the anion types (Cl, CHCOO, and NO) of nickel and cobalt salts. Extensive material characterization and analyses revealed that the grain size of the obtained NCSs was determined by different solvation free energies, capping effects, and steric hindrance during the crystal growth process. Among these three anions, Cl, with the smallest ionic size, exhibited the lowest capping effect, steric hindrance, and solvation free energy, leading to the largest average grain size of 15.

Constructing SiO-Supported Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalysts with Single-Atom and Atomic Cluster Dual Sites to Tame Hydrogenation Performance.

Construction and optimization of stable atomically dispersed metal sites on SiO surfaces are important yet challenging topics. In this work, we developed the amino group-assisted atomic layer deposition strategy to deposit the atomically dispersed Pt on SiO support for the first time, in which the particle size and ratio of Pt entities from single atom (Pt) to atomic cluster (Pt ) and nanoparticle (Pt ) on the SiO surface were well modulated. We demonstrated the importance of dual-site synergy for optimizing the activity of single-atom catalysts.

Catching carbon fixation without fixing.

Structural snapshots of an enzyme complex reveal missing pieces of a biological process.

Quantification and optimization of platinum-molybdenum carbide interfacial sites to enhance low-temperature water-gas shift reaction.

Pt/α-MoC catalysts exhibit exceptional activity in low-temperature water-gas shift reactions. However, quantitatively identifying and fine-tuning the active sites has remained a significant challenge. In this study, we reveal that fully exposed monolayer Pt nanoclusters on molybdenum carbides demonstrate mass activity that exceeds that of bulk molybdenum carbide catalysts by one to two orders of magnitude at 100-200 °C for low-temperature water-gas shift reactions.

Outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis-associated acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) are poorly understood.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China to analyze the short- and long-term outcomes among patients with IE-associated AKI. The risk factors for 90-day mortality, long-term outcomes and kidney non-recovery were analyzed via multivariable logistic regression, the Cox regression, and the Fine-Gray competing risk model, respectively.

Advanced-stage duodenal cancer in pregnancy.

This is a case report of a pregnant patient diagnosed with advanced-stage duodenal cancer in the second trimester. To the author's knowledge, there are no studies that describe the management of advanced duodenal cancer during pregnancy and this case highlights the importance of creating a multidisciplinary team and incorporating shared decision-making when discussing diagnostic workup and treatment options, including the use of cytotoxic therapy during pregnancy, with patients. This study will also discuss maternal and fetal outcomes after the administration of FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy during the second trimester.

Gender differences in systemic inflammatory and nutritional index following radical surgery for advanced gastric cancer.

Objectives: Albumin-globulin ratio (AGR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been validated as prognostic factors for gastric cancer (GC). However, significant gender differences exist in albumin levels and inflammatory cell counts, and further research is required to understand how these differences influence GC prognosis. This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of nutritional and inflammatory indicators on GC patients undergoing radical surgery, as well as the influence of gender on these indicators' prognostic value.

Clinical features and genotype in COQ4 associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report and a literature reanalysis.

Introduction: COQ4 mutation often leads to a fatal multi-system disease in infants. Recently, it was reported that the biallelic COQ4 variants may be a potential cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This study aims to describe the clinical features and genotype of the COQ4 associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).

The relationship between serum vitamin C levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in children.

The relationship between vitamin C nutritional status and inflammation has garnered increasing attention, but studies in younger populations are limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin C and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Catalytic oxidation upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate to commodity carboxylic acids.

Catalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into high-value oxygenated products is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Here, we present a one-step tandem strategy to realize the thermal catalytic oxidation upcycling of PET to terephthalic acid (TPA) and high-value glycolic acid (GA) instead of ethylene glycol (EG). By using the Au/NiO with rich oxygen vacancies as catalyst, we successfully accelerate the hydrolysis of PET, accompanied by obtaining 99% TPA yield and 87.

Clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment of young adult-onset epilepsy: A 24-year retrospective study.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, etiology, drug treatment, and related factors of patients with young adult-onset epilepsy.

Methods: The study included patients with epilepsy aged between 18 and 44 years and aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of epilepsy in young people and their response to antiseizure medication (ASM) over a 24-year period (February 1999 and March 2023).

Results: A total of 4227 patients experienced epilepsy onset between 18 and 44 years of age.

Clinical Efficacy of Tuina Therapy for Acute Lumbar Sprain: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Traditional Chinese medicine possesses distinct advantages in the treatment of acute lumbar sprains, and Tuina (Chinese massage) is a commonly employed therapeutic method. This study employed a Bayesian meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of Tuina therapy for acute lumbar sprain with the aim of providing more evidence-based medical substantiation for clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: Randomized controlled trials of Tuina therapy for acute lumbar sprains published in CNKI, CSPD, CCD, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to August 7, 2024.

High-yield upcycling of feather wastes into solid-state ultra-long phosphorescence carbon dots for advanced anticounterfeiting and information encryption.

Recently, biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention in high-technology fields due to their prominent merits, including brilliant luminescence, superior biocompatibility, and low toxicity. However, most of the biomass-derived CDs only show bright fluorescence in diluted solution because of aggregation-induced quenching effect, hence cannot exhibit solid-state long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in ambient conditions. Herein, matrix-free solid-state RTP with an average lifetime of 0.

Apatinib Mesylate Inhibits Cell Proliferation and the Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through ERK/ELK-1/Snail Pathway.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of apatinib (APT) mesylate on the growth, migration ability, and underlying mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines Kyse30 and Kyse150. Additionally, the anti-metastatic effects of APT mesylate were further validated in a nude mouse xenograft metastasis model. In vitro, APT mesylate treatment significantly reduced cell viability and migration ability in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Adaptive prototype few-shot image classification method based on feature pyramid.

Few-shot learning aims to enable machines to recognize unseen novel classes using limited samples akin to human capabilities. Metric learning is a crucial approach to addressing this challenge, with its performance primarily dependent on the effectiveness of feature extraction and prototype computation. This article introduces an Adaptive Prototype few-shot image classification method based on Feature Pyramid (APFP).

Fluorine-free, superhydrophobic self-healing and UV-blocking cotton fabric for oil/water separation.

The discharge of oily wastewater not only pollutes waters but also deteriorates our living environment. Superhydrophobic cotton fabric is considered as an important remedy material for oily wastewater cleanup due to outstanding advantages including low cost, high porosity and switchable wettability. However, the existing superhydrophobic fabrics cannot exhibit durable superhydrophobicity during real-life applications due to poor interaction between the coatings and fabric substrates.