A multiscale hydrothermal carbon layer modified carbon fiber for composite fabrication.

A novel multiscale hydrothermal carbon layer (MHTCL) for carbon fiber (CF) surface modification was developed. The MHTCL is a multiscale high-disorder amorphous carbon coating with a colored appearance, abundant functional groups, multiscale roughness, a large specific surface area, a high surface energy, and good wetting ability. The O/C atom ratios of the MHTCL-modified CF were in the range of 0.