Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin and the Incidence as Well as Progression of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: An increased risk of multiple secondary diseases has been observed in individuals with diabetes, which contributes to the growing economic burden. Few studies have established the connection of blood urea nitrogen/albumin (BAR) with diabetes, and its link to subsequent diabetic complications and mortality remains unclear. We aimed to explore the association of BAR with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its dynamic progression.

Effects of fine particulate matter and its chemical constituents on influenza-like illness in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Although the link between fine particulate matter (PM) and influenza-like illness (ILI) is well established, the effect of the chemical constituents of PM on ILI remains unclear. This study aims to explore this effect in Guangzhou, China.

Methods: Daily data on ILI cases, PM levels, and specific PM constituents (black carbon [BC], chlorine [Cl], ammonia [NH], nitrate [NO], and sulfate [SO]) in Guangzhou, China, were collected for the period of 2014-2019.

Association Between Mobility Limitations and Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background And Objectives: Mobility limitations have been linked to cognition. However, little is known about the relationship between mobility decline and cognitive decline. This study investigated the effect of mobility limitations and decline on cognitive decline in a population-based cohort of older adults.

Hospital-Treated Infectious Diseases, Infection Burden, and Risk of Lung Cancer: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Although infections play a role in the development of lung cancer, the longitudinal association between infection and the risk of lung cancer is disputed, and data relating to pathogen types and infection sites are sparse.

Research Question: How do infections affect subsequent lung cancer risk, and is the impact limited to specific microbes rather than infection burden?

Study Design And Methods: Data on > 900 infectious diseases were gathered from the UK Biobank study. Short- and long-term effects of infections were assessed by using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models.

Combined associations of visceral adipose tissue and adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle with T2D and diabetic microvascular complications among individuals with prediabetes.

Background: It's unclear if excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in individuals with prediabetes can be countered by adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE). We aimed to examine VAT mass, MEDLIFE adherence, and their impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC) in individuals with prediabetes.

Methods: 11,267 individuals with prediabetes from the UK Biobank cohort were included.

Impact of healthy lifestyle on the incidence and progression trajectory of mental disorders: A prospective study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Healthier lifestyle decreased the risk of mental disorders (MDs) such as depression and anxiety. However, research on the effects of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle on their progression is lacking.

Methods: 385,704 individuals without baseline MDs from the UK Biobank cohort were included.

A Mitochondria-Targeted Nitric Oxide Probe for Multimodality Imaging of Macrophage Immune Responses.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signal molecule closely linked to the biological immune response, especially in macrophage polarization. When activated, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state and produce NO, a marker for the M1 phenotype. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype does not produce NO.

Association of hospital-treated infectious diseases and infection burden with cardiovascular diseases and life expectancy.

Background: The association of a broad spectrum of infectious diseases with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear.

Objectives: We aim to provide the cardiovascular risk profiles associated with a wide range of infectious diseases and explore the extent to which infections reduce life expectancy.

Methods: We ascertained exposure to 900+ infectious diseases before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset in 453,102 participants from the UK Biobank study.

Microvascular disease, modifiable risk factor profiles and incident arrhythmias in type 2 diabetes.

Background: To assess the roles of diabetic microvascular disease and modifiable risk factors and their combination in the development of arrhythmias.

Methods: We included participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were free of arrhythmias during recruitment in the UK Biobank study. The associations of microvascular disease states (defined by the presence of retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy or chronic kidney disease), four modifiable arrhythmic risk factors (body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin) and their joint associations with incident arrhythmias were examined.

Microvascular burden and long-term risk of stroke and dementia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To examine the associations between microvascular disease (MVD) and risk of stroke, dementia, and their major subtypes among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We included 26,173 participants with T2DM from the UK Biobank who had no known stroke or dementia at baseline. MVD burden was reflected by the presence of retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease.

Microvascular Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A UK Biobank Study.

Context: The interplay between cardiovascular health metrics (CVHMs) and microvascular disease (MVD) in relation to the risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains to be evaluated.

Objective: To investigate the role of MVD and CVHMs in the development of CHD among T2DM.

Design: We included 19 664 participants with T2DM from the UK Biobank who had CVHM data and were free of CHD during recruitment.

Nanocatalysts for modulating antitumor immunity: fabrication, mechanisms and applications.

Immunotherapy harnesses the inherent immune system in the body to generate systemic antitumor immunity, offering a promising modality for defending against cancer. However, tumor immunosuppression and evasion seriously restrict the immune response rates in clinical settings. Catalytic nanomedicines can transform tumoral substances/metabolites into therapeutic products , offering unique advantages in antitumor immunotherapy.

Effects of intensive glycemic control on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus are modified by long-term HbA variability: A post hoc analysis of the ACCORD trial.

Aims: To assess the impact of long-term visit-to-visit variability in HbA on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its influence on the effects of intensive glycemic control.

Methods: Included were participants with T2DM enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) who had at least three measurements of HbA prior to new-onset microvascular outcomes, namely nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Variability in HbA was defined as the coefficient of variation (CV) across HbA measurements obtained from enrollment to the transition from intensive to standard glycemic therapy.

The predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine of insomnia: gut microbiota and inflammation.

Background: The human gut microbiota (GM) has been recognized as a significant factor in the development of insomnia, primarily through inflammatory pathways, making it a promising target for therapeutic interventions. Considering the principles of primary prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized treatment medicine (PPPM), identifying specific gut microbiota associated with insomnia and exploring the underlying mechanisms comprehensively are crucial steps towards achieving primary prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized treatment of insomnia.

Working Hypothesis And Methodology: We hypothesized that alterations in the composition of specific GM could induce insomnia through an inflammatory response, which postulates the existence of a GM-inflammation-insomnia pathway.

Jiawei guomin decoction regulates the degranulation of mast cells in atopic dermatitis mice via the HIS/PAR-2 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guomin decoction (GMD) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice. It has traditionally been used to treat all allergic diseases. Currently, Jiawei Guomin Decoction (JWGMD) is used to treat sensitive skin after initial therapy.

Shift work and risk of incident gastroesophageal reflux disease: the association and mediation.

Introduction: Shift work has become an increasingly common work mode globally. This study aimed to investigate the association between shift work and the risk of incident gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), an upward gastrointestinal disorder disease worldwide, and to explore the mediating factors.

Method: A total of 262,722 participants from the UK Biobank free of GORD and related gastrointestinal diseases were included to investigate the association and potential mediators between shift work and incident GORD.

Total and Regional Fat/Muscle Mass Ratio and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.

Background To evaluate the sex-specific associations of total and regional fat/muscle mass ratio (FMR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. We compared the predictive value of FMRs to body mass index. Methods and Results This population-based, prospective cohort study included 468 885 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline.

Identifying ureteral stent encrustation using machine learning based on CT radiomics features: a bicentric study.

Obstructive: To develop and validate radiomics and machine learning models for identifying encrusted stents and compare their recognition performance with multiple metrics.

Methods: A total of 354 patients with ureteral stent placement were enrolled from two medical institutions and divided into the training cohort ( = 189), internal validation cohort ( = 81) and external validation cohort ( = 84). Based on features selected by Wilcoxon test, Spearman Correlation Analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm, six machine learning models based on radiomics features were established with six classifiers (LR, DT, SVM, RF, XGBoost, KNN).