Exploring immune-related pathogenesis in lung injury: Providing new insights Into ALI/ARDS.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a significant global burden of morbidity and mortality, with lung injury being the primary cause of death in affected patients. The pathogenesis of lung injury, however, remains a complex issue. In recent years, the role of the immune system in lung injury has attracted extensive attention worldwide.

Mechanism of Qizhen decoction-mediated maturation of DC cells to activate the IL-12/JAK2/STAT4 pathway to sensitise PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional Chinese medicine has been utilized to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been used to treat CRC in clinical practice and has been proven to be effective.

A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II.

Nephrotoxicity assessment of podophyllotoxin-induced rats by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR-Nrf2/HO1 pathway in view of toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept.

Adverse reactions to traditional Chinese medicine have hindered the healthy development and internationalization process of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The critical issue that needs to be solved urgently is to evaluate the safety of traditional Chinese medicine systematically and effectively. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a highly active compound extracted from plants of the genus Podophyllum such as Dysosma versipellis (DV).

The γδ T cells dual function and crosstalk with intestinal flora in treating colorectal cancer is a promising area of study.

The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent and severely affects human health, with the third-greatest occurrence and the second-greatest rate of death globally. Current CRC treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, do not significantly improve CRC patients' survival rate and quality of life, so it is essential to develop new treatment strategies. Adoptive cell therapy and other immunotherapy came into being.

HSV: The scout and assault for digestive system tumors.

More than 25% of all malignant tumors are digestive system tumors (DSTs), which mostly include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. DSTs have emerged as one of the prominent reasons of morbidity and death in many nations and areas around the world, posing a serious threat to human life and health. General treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can poorly cure the patients and have a bad prognosis.

COVID-19 pandemic: A multidisciplinary perspective on the pathogenesis of a novel coronavirus from infection, immunity and pathological responses.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread to more than 200 countries and regions, having a huge impact on human health, hygiene, and economic activities. The epidemiological and clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 have increased since the onset of the epidemic era, and studies into its pathogenic mechanisms have played an essential role in clinical treatment, drug development, and prognosis prevention. This paper reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), focusing on the pathogenic characteristics, loci of action, and pathogenic mechanisms leading to immune response malfunction of SARS-CoV-2, as well as summarizing the pathological damage and pathological manifestations it causes.

The gamble between oncolytic virus therapy and IFN.

Various studies are being conducted on oncolytic virotherapy which one of the mechanisms is mediating interferon (IFN) production by it exerts antitumor effects. The antiviral effect of IFN itself has a negative impact on the inhibition of oncolytic virus or tumor eradication. Therefore, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of IFN regulation by oncolytic viruses, and to define its mechanism is of great significance for improving the antitumor effect of oncolytic viruses.

The role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer metastasis and potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention.

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the most prominent features underlying cancer cells progression and metastasis.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer, with the advantages of multi-pathway, multi-target, multi-component anti-tumor pharmacological effects and low risk of adverse effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of TCM are not fully understood, especially on cellular metabolic reprogramming.

Oncolytic viruses combined with immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer is a promising treatment option.

Immunotherapy is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, as a type of immunotherapy, have no significant efficacy in the clinical treatment of patients with pMMR/MSS/MSI-L mCRC alone. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find combination therapies that can improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Mechanism of COVID-19 Causing ARDS: Exploring the Possibility of Preventing and Treating SARS-CoV-2.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide, causing great harm and stress to humans. Since patients with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have a high probability of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases, the pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 causes lung injury have become a major concern in the scientific field. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and lung injury and explore the possible mechanisms of COVID-19 in ARDS from the perspectives of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein, cytokine storm, activation of the immune response, triggering of Fas/FasL signaling pathway to promote apoptosis, JAK/STAT pathway, NF-κB pathway, type I interferon, vitamin D, and explore the possibility of prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Oncolytic Viruses: Immunotherapy Drugs for Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumors.

Oncolytic virus therapy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Natural or transgenic viruses can target tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in various ways without interfering with normal cell and tissue function. Oncolytic viruses have a high level of specificity and are relatively safe.

Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Qizhen Decoction in the Treatment of Colon Cancer.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for the treatment of colon cancer. Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of TCM, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been proven clinically effective in the treatment of colon cancer.

Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: A growing number of studies suggest that lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection for the treatment of lung cancer is an effective combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, which has a continuous and beneficial effect on eliminating clinical symptoms and improving cachexia in lung cancer patients. However, whether this treatment is effective and safe for lung cancer patients or not, evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of this treatment is still incomplete. Besides, there is lack of systematic review to assess the detailed situation (including risk of bias and methodology) of current related clinical studies.

A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review).

Programmed cell death protein‑1 (PD‑1)/programmed death protein ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) inhibitors for treatment of a various types of cancers have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors are associated with a low response rate and are only effective on a small number of patients with cancer. Development of an anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 sensitizer for improving response rate and effectiveness of immunotherapy is a challenge.

Analysis of differential metabolites in lung cancer patients based on metabolomics and bioinformatics.

Based on metabonomics, the metabolic markers of lung cancer patients were analyzed, combined with bioinformatics to explore the underlying disease mechanism. Based on case-control design, using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, urine metabolites were detected in discovery and validation set. Multivariate statistical analysis were performed to identify potential markers for lung cancer.

Exendin-4 promotes actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and protects cells from Nogo-A-Δ20 mediated spreading inhibition and growth cone collapse by down-regulating RhoA expression and activation via the PI3K pathway.

Exendin-4 is a protein of the GLP-1 family currently used to treat diabetes. Recently, a greater number of biological properties have been associated with the GLP-1 family. Our data shows that exendin-4 treatment significantly increases the cytoskeleton rearrangement, which leads to an increasingly differentiated phenotype and reduced cell migration.

Saikosaponin a increases interleukin-10 expression and inhibits scar formation after sciatic nerve injury.

Nerve scarring after peripheral nerve injury can severely hamper nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Further, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, can inhibit nerve scar formation. Saikosaponin a (SSa) is a monomer molecule extracted from the Chinese medicine, Bupleurum.

A systematic investigation on animal models of cyclosporine A combined with Escherichia coli to simulate the immunosuppressive status of sepsis patients before onset.

Immunosuppression is an important mechanism for the development of sepsis pathology, and is the key to the high mortality of sepsis. However, patients appear to be immunocompromised before sepsis onset due to lack of enough attention. Present sepsis models cannot fully mimic the onset of sepsis in patients.

Exendin-4 Plays a Protective Role in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury Through SERCA2.

Background/aims: Current therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) have limited efficacy, and identifying a therapeutic target is a pressing need. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis, which has been shown to inhibit apoptosis. Exendin-4 has been shown to inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells in SCI, which can also improve SERCA2 expression.

Exendin-4 inhibits high-altitude cerebral edema by protecting against neurobiological dysfunction.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) have been reported previously. However, whether (Ex-4) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) remains poorly understood. In this study, two rat models of HACE were established by placing rats in a hypoxic environment with a simulated altitude of either 6000- or 7000-m above sea level (MASL) for 72 hours.

Polyethylene glycol as a promising synthetic material for repair of spinal cord injury.

Polyethylene glycol is a synthetic, biodegradable, and water-soluble polyether. Owing to its good biological and material properties, polyethylene glycol shows promise in spinal cord tissue engineering applications. Although studies have examined repairing spinal cord injury with polyethylene glycol, these compelling findings have not been recently reviewed or evaluated as a whole.