Reshaping the spatiotemporal patterns of temporal stability of forage nutrition quality in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Spatial homogeneity, overall decline and localized increases.

There is increasing evidence that forage nutrition quality is becoming more unstable over time due to climate change and/or human activities. However, there are limited numbers of studies at the regional scale exploring the spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of temporal stability of nutrition quality. Therefore, this study quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of temporal stability of forage nutrition quality in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the singular or combined influences of climate change and human activities in 2000-2020.

Identification and validation of inflammatory subtypes in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma.

Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in tumor development. Inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory mediator synthesis cause changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in several cancers, especially in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC). However, methods to ascertain the inflammatory state of patients using reliable biomarkers are still being explored.

Histamine-related genes participate in the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and impact the immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chronic inflammation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Histamine is a biologically active substance that amplifies the inflammatory and immune response and serves as a neurotransmitter. However, knowledge of histamine's role in HCC and its effects on immunotherapy remains lacking.

TGF-β Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Through m6A Modification of PCDHGA9.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer with significant mortality, primarily attributed to metastasis. Although Protocadherin Gamma Subfamily A, 9 (PCDHGA9) has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in cancer metastasis, its role in HCC remains ambiguous. This study clarifies the role of PCDHGA9 in HCC by examining its expression, clinical significance, and molecular activities.

Herbivore exclusion stabilizes alpine grassland biomass production across spatial scales.

There is growing evidence that land-use management practices such as livestock grazing can strongly impact the local diversity, functioning, and stability of grassland communities. However, whether these impacts depend on environmental condition and propagate to larger spatial scales remains unclear. Using an 8-year grassland exclosure experiment conducted at nine sites in the Tibetan Plateau covering a large precipitation gradient, we found that herbivore exclusion increased the temporal stability of alpine grassland biomass production at both the local and larger (site) spatial scales.

Predictive value of HTS grade in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing radical resection: a multicenter study from China.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate whether Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocytes, and Platelets (HALP) score and Tumor Burden Score (TBS) serves as independent influencing factors following radical resection in patients with ICC. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the predictive capacity of the combined HALP and TBS grade, referred to as HTS grade, and to develop a prognostic prediction model.

The interaction of climate, plant, and soil factors drives putative soil fungal pathogen diversity and community structure in dry grasslands.

Soil pathogens play important roles in shaping soil microbial diversity and controlling ecosystem functions. Though climate and local environmental factors and their influences on fungal pathogen communities have been examined separately, few studies explore the relative contributions of these factors. This is particularly crucial in eco-fragile regions, which are more sensitive to environmental changes.

Precipitation Drives Soil Protist Diversity and Community Structure in Dry Grasslands.

Protists are essential components of soil microbial communities, mediating nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, their distribution patterns and driving factors, particularly, the relative importance of climate, plant and soil factors, remain largely unknown. This limits our understanding of soil protist roles in ecosystem functions and their responses to climate change.

Identification of TREM2-positive tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implication for poor prognosis and immunotherapy modulation.

Background: It is now understood that the effectiveness of checkpoint immunotherapy can be impaired by immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Nonetheless, the impact of different TAM subpopulations on the antitumor immune response remains unclear, mainly due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we identified a novel TAM subpopulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that might contribute to poor clinical outcomes and immunotherapy modulation.

A novel microRNA-182/Interleukin-8 regulatory axis controls osteolytic bone metastasis of lung cancer.

Bone metastasis is one of the main complications of lung cancer and most important factors that lead to poor life quality and low survival rate in lung cancer patients. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying lung cancer bone metastasis are still poor understood. Here, we report that microRNA-182 (miR-182) plays a critical role in regulating osteoclastic metastasis of lung cancer cells.

Assessing trade-offs among productive, economic, and environmental indicators of forage systems in southern Tibetan crop-livestock integration.

Fostering crop-livestock integration via crop-forage rotation provides opportunities to cope with land degradation, feed deficit, and agropastoral sustainability. Farmers' preferences for forage options are influenced by economic benefit, environmental preference, and productive performance. However, there is little information available on evaluating multiple trade-offs of forage systems for the design of crop-forage rotations.

Near-infrared ITO-based photonic hypercrystals with large angle-insensitive bandgaps.

The angle-sensitive photonic bandgap (PBG) is one of the typical features of one-dimensional photonic crystals. Based on the phase-variation compensation effect between the dielectric and hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), angle-insensitive PBGs can be realized in photonic hypercrystals. However, since hypercrystals are usually constructed using metal components, these angle-insensitive PBGs are mostly limited to narrow bandwidths in visible range.

Declining human activity intensity on alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau.

Climate change and human activities have profoundly changed the structure and functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, the most critical ecological safety shelter for Asia. However, it remains unclear to what degree human activity intensity has impacted the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we quantify human activity intensity on alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau based on the relationship between actual and potential net primary production.

Nonreciprocal Tamm plasmon absorber based on lossy epsilon-near-zero materials.

Contrary to conventional Tamm plasmon (TP) absorbers of which narrow absorptance peaks will shift toward short wavelengths (blueshift) as the incident angle increases for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations, here we theoretically and experimentally achieve nonreciprocal absorption in a planar photonic heterostructure composed of an isotropic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) slab and a truncated photonic crystal for TM polarization. This exotic phenomenon results from the interplay between ENZ and material loss. And the boundary condition across the ENZ interface and the confinement effect provided by the TP can enhance the absorption in the ENZ slab greatly.

Quasiperiodic metamaterials empowered non-metallic broadband optical absorbers.

Realizing a polarization-insensitive broadband optical absorber plays a key role in the implementation of microstructure optoelectrical devices with on-demand functionalities. However, the challenge is that most of these devices involve the constituent metals, thus suffering from poor chemical and thermal stability and a complicated manufacturing process. In addition, the extreme contrast between the negative (metallic) and positive (dielectric) real parts of the constituent permittivities can cause additional problems in the design of structural devices.

Warming homogenizes apparent temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration.

Warming-induced carbon loss through terrestrial ecosystem respiration () is likely getting stronger in high latitudes and cold regions because of the more rapid warming and higher temperature sensitivity of ( ). However, it is not known whether the spatial relationship between and temperature also holds temporally under a future warmer climate. Here, we analyzed apparent values derived from multiyear observations at 74 FLUXNET sites spanning diverse climates and biomes.

Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic contributions to nonlinear dynamics of alpine grassland productivity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Climate warming and overgrazing have already caused degradation in a large fraction of alpine grasslands on this plateau. However, it remains unclear how human activities (mainly livestock grazing) regulates vegetation dynamics under climate change.

Drivers of phenology shifts and their effect on productivity in northern grassland of China during 1984-2017-evidence from long-term observational data.

Plant phenology under changing climate is a critical factor controlling terrestrial vegetation productivity. However, large uncertainties exist due to different data sources and phenological parameter extraction methods. In this study, we took advantage of a suite of long-term field observational data in northern grassland of China to investigate the drivers of phenological shifts and their effect on the maximum aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) across four representative grassland types during 1984-2017.

Assessment of the vulnerability of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Assessing ecosystem vulnerability to climate change is critical for sustainable and adaptive ecosystem management. Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are considered to be vulnerable to climate change, yet the ecosystem tends to maintain stability by increasing resilience and decreasing sensitivity. To date, the spatial pattern of grassland vulnerability to climate change and the mechanisms that vegetation applies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on grasslands by altering relevant ecosystem characteristics, especially sensitivity and resilience, remain unknown.

Occurrence frequencies and regional variations in Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) global active fires.

Active fires are considered to be the key contributor to, and critical consequence of, climate change. Quantifying the occurrence frequency and regional variations in global active fires is significant for assessing carbon cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and postfire ecological effects. Multiscale variations in fire occurrence frequencies have still never been fully investigated despite free access to global active fire products.

High Below-Ground Productivity Allocation of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibet.

The allocation of net primary production (NPP) between above- and belowground components is a key step of ecosystem material cycling and energy flows, which determines many critical parameters, e.g., the fraction of below ground NPP (BNPP) to NPP () and root turnover rates (RTR), in vegetation models.

Dynamic forage-livestock balance analysis in alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau.

Forage-livestock balance is important for sustainable management of alpine grasslands under global change, but the robustness of diverse algorithms for assessing forage-livestock balance is still unclear. This study compiled long-term (2009-2014) field observations of aboveground biomass (AGB). Using climate and remote sensing data, we evaluated the inter-annual dynamics of the forage-livestock balance on the Northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP).