Overcoming Challenges in Small-Molecule Drug Bioavailability: A Review of Key Factors and Approaches.

The bioavailability of small-molecule drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical development, significantly impacting therapeutic efficacy and commercial viability. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding and overcoming bioavailability limitations, focusing on key physicochemical and biological factors influencing drug absorption and distribution. We examine cutting-edge strategies for enhancing bioavailability, including innovative formulation approaches, rational structural modifications, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design.

The mitochondrial genome sequences of eleven leafhopper species of (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) reveal new gene rearrangements and phylogenetic implications.

is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Iassinae. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic analysis of the genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of the genus. To determine the characteristics of the mitogenomes of species as well as the phylogenetic relationships between them, we sequenced and compared the mitogenomes of 11 representative species.

The "weaken-fill-repair" model for cell budding: Linking cell wall biosynthesis with mechanics.

The interplay between cellular mechanics and biochemical processes in the cell cycle is not well understood. We propose a quantitative model of cell budding in as a "weaken-fill-repair" process, linking Newtonian mechanics of the cell wall with biochemical changes that affect its properties. Our model reveals that (1) oscillations in mother cell size during budding are an inevitable outcome of the process; (2) asymmetric division is necessary for the daughter cell to maintain mechanical stiffness; and (3) although various aspects of the cell are constrained and interconnected, the budding process is governed by a single reduced parameter, ψ, which balances osmolyte accumulation with enzymatic wall-weakening to ensure homeostasis.

Determining Gene Order Patterns in the and Boletales through Comparative Analysis of Their Mitogenomes.

is one of the most important genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi. As a model for studying host specificity, its molecular fragments and nuclear genome have been analyzed. However, its mitochondrial genome has not yet been reported.

Elucidating Scarab Divergence in an Evolutionary-Ecological Context through the Comprehensive Analysis of the Complete Mitogenome of .

Samouelle, 1819 is one of the specious genera of Coleoptera, with over 1000 known species, and includes some of the most destructive pests of crops or forests. Morphological convergence is a common phenomenon within this genus, making the identification of closely related species very difficult. To explore the phylogenetic placement of Anomalini and provide a basis for the classification and identification of , we comparatively analyzed the complete mitogenome of three species (, diana, and ).

Degradation of edible mushroom waste by Hermetia illucens L. and consequent adaptation of its gut microbiota.

The edible fungus industry is one of the pillar industries in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China. The expansion of the planting scale has led to the release of various mushroom residues, such as mushroom feet, and other wastes, which are not treated adequately, resulting in environmental pollution. This study investigated the ability of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.

First complete mitogenome of Massarineae and its contribution to phylogenetic implications in Pleosporales.

Endophytic fungi play an important role in the growth and development of traditional Chinese medicine plants. We isolated a strain of Acrocalymma vagum from the endophytic fungi of the traditional Chinese plants Paris. To accurately identify this endophytic fungal species of interest, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of A.

Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns and phylogenetic implications of five mitochondrial genomes of the genus Ishihara, 1955 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Megophthalminae).

is a genus of Cicadomorpha in the family of leafhoppers that are plant piercing-sucking insects, and it is difficult to distinguish by morphological characteristics. So far, only one complete mitochondrial genome data has been reported for the genus . Therefore, in order to better understand this group, we assembled and annotated the complete mitochondrial genomes of five species, and analyzed their codon usage patterns.

Erratum: miR-199a-3p/5p regulate tumorgenesis via targeting Rheb in non-small cell lung cancer: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70312.

Urinary microRNAs in sepsis function as a novel prognostic marker.

Renal dysfunction is a common complication of sepsis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of sepsis with renal insufficiency are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Diagnostic markers can help identify patients at risk for sepsis and AKI, allowing for early intervention and potentially preventing the development of severe complications.

Structural Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae).

species are insects that have piercing-sucking mouthparts and belong to the Krisnini tribe in the Iassinae subfamily of leafhoppers in the Cicadellidae family. In this study, we sequenced and compared the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four species. The results showed that all four mitogenomes were composed of cyclic double-stranded molecules and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 22 and 2 genes coding for tRNAs and rRNAs, respectively.

Description of a new species of the leafhopper genus Chinaocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Yunnan, China.

A new species Chinaocerus dentaedeagus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Yunnan, China.

Description of the whole mitochondrial genome of Bhatia longiradiata (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) and phylogenetic relationship.

Background: Mitochondrial genomes are extremely conserved in genetic processes and valuable molecular indications for phylogenetic and evolutionary examination, but the mitochondrial genome of Bhatia has not yet been reported.

Objective: The target of this writing was to clarify the structural module of the mitochondrial genes of Bhatia longiradiata, verify the monophyletic of Drabescini, and explore the phylogenetic relationship between Drabescini with other leafhoppers.

Methods: We performed sequencing and explanatory note of the mitochondrion of Bhatia longiradiata.

miR-199a-3p/5p regulate tumorgenesis via targeting Rheb in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, in which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% and has a low survival rate of 5 years. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in tumor regulation and many major diseases. In this study, we found that miR-199a-3p/5p were down-expressed in NSCLC tissue samples, cell lines, and the patient sample database.

Descriptions of two new Idiocerini leafhoppers of the genus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) from China.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Baker are described from China: and , the latter recorded on a species of L. (Myricaceae) as its host plant. A key and checklist to species of the genus from China are provided and Huang & Maldonado-Capriles, 1992 is placed as a junior synonym of (Lethierry, 1889),

Environmentally Persistent Free Radical Promotes Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the Expression Profile of miRNAs.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are generated in the combustion processes of solid waste and can cause adverse influences on human health, especially lung diseases. Lung cancer is one of the most serious malignancies in recent years, which the global deaths rate is about 1.6 million every year.

Functions of non-coding RNAs in regulating cancer drug targets.

With the development of precision medicine, the efficiency of tumor treatment has been significantly improved. More attention has been paid to targeted therapy and immunotherapy as the key to precision treatment of cancer. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become one of the most important targeted treatments for various cancers.

miRNA-199a-5p/SLC2A1 axis regulates glucose metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is acknowledged as a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), kind of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, can be used in cancer clinical treatments. In this research, miR-199a-5p was seen lowly expressed in NSCLC sera samples.

Downregulated miR-18a and miR-92a synergistically suppress non-small cell lung cancer via targeting .

As a novel noncoding RNA cluster, miR-17-92 cluster include six members: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a, and miR-92a. Dysregulation of miR-17-92 has been proved to be connected with the advancement of a series of human diseases, but the roles of miR-17-92 cluster in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been absolutely elaborated. Herein, we determined that miR-17-92 cluster were upregulated significantly in NSCLC tissues, and the cell proliferation, migration and cycle progression of NSCLC were also facilitated under the function of miR-17-92 cluster.

miR-199a-5p Plays a Pivotal Role on Wound Healing via Suppressing and in Diabetic Ulcer Foot.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health problem. As a common complication of DM, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) results in delayed wound healing and is a leading cause of nontraumatic amputation. miR-199a-5p, a short noncoding RNA, had abnormal expression in DFU wound tissues.

Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis.

Ledrinae is a unique group of leafhoppers with a distinct appearance. Petalocephala is the largest Ledrinae genus that is difficult to identify except by dissecting the male genitals. To date, research on Ledrinae is relatively less compared with other leafhoppers.