[Research progress in biological activities and oocyte aging-regulating effect of EGCG].

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the predominant polyphenol in green tea, exerts a spectrum of physiological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Emerging research underscores the significance of EGCG in modulating oocyte aging. EGCG can enhance antioxidant defenses, improve mitochondrial functions, and inhibit apoptotic pathways, thereby retarding the aging of oocytes.

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ improves the quality of low temperature-preserved yak semen via alleviating oxidative stress.

Low-temperature preservation of yak semen during transportation and conservation is crucial to accelerate yak breeding. The effects of low-temperature cooling on yak semen quality, however, are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the dose-dependent effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant "MitoQ" on the motility, oxidative status, and mitochondrial function of yak semen during low-temperature preservation.

Multi-Omics Approaches Uncovered Critical mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA Networks Regulating Multiple Birth Traits in Goat Ovaries.

The goat breeding industry on the Tibetan Plateau faces strong selection pressure to enhance fertility. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop goat lines with higher fertility and adaptability. The ovary, as a key organ determining reproductive performance, is regulated by a complex transcriptional network involving numerous protein-coding and non-coding genes.

Cloning, bioinformatics analysis and expression of the cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) gene in domestic yak.

Introduction: The CDO1 gene is an important gene in the taurine synthesis pathway and has been observed to have high expression in ovaries of female mammals. This study aims to explore the conservation of CDO1 gene in domestic yaks, as well as to examine the fundamental characteristics of CDO1 gene and its expression in female yaks.

Methods: Ovarian samples were collected from yaks in the follicular phase, luteal phase and gestation period in this experiment, and their total RNA and protein were extracted.

Zearalenone triggers programmed cell death and impairs milk fat synthesis via the AKT-mTOR-PPARγ-ACSL4 pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin from Fusarium fungi, impairs fertility and milk production in female animals; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) as the model, this study investigated the impacts of ZEN on programmed cell death (PCD) and milk fat synthesis and explored the underlying mechanism. We found that 10 ng/mL prolactin (PRL) notably enhanced the differentiation of MAC-T cells, promoting the expression of genes related to the synthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose.

The Protective Effect of Quercetin against the Cytotoxicity Induced by Fumonisin B1 in Sertoli Cells.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by species, is prevalent in crops and animal feed, posing significant health risks to livestock and humans. FB1 induces oxidative stress in Sertoli cells, destroys testicular structure, and affects spermatogenesis. However, methods to mitigate the reproductive toxicity of FB1 in testes remain unknown.

Comprehensive cognition of yak () gene and its anti-ferroptosis role in bisphenol A-induced fetal fibroblast model.

Apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 2 () has been identified as a gene with anti-ferroptosis properties. To explore whether exerts anti-ferroptosis role in yaks (), we cloned yak gene and analyzed its biological characteristics. The coding region of had 1122 bp and encoded 373 amino acids, which was conserved in mammals.

The Expression and Epigenetic Characteristics of the HSF2 Gene in Cattle-Yak and the Correlation with Its Male Sterility.

Aberrant expression of the heat shock proteins and factors was revealed to be closely associated with male reproduction. Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of diverse developmental pathways. However, the role and the corresponding molecular mechanism of in male cattle-yak sterility are still poorly understood.

Pangenome and multi-tissue gene atlas provide new insights into the domestication and highland adaptation of yaks.

Background: The genetic diversity of yak, a key domestic animal on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a vital resource for domestication and breeding efforts. This study presents the first yak pangenome obtained through the de novo assembly of 16 yak genomes.

Results: We discovered 290 Mb of nonreference sequences and 504 new genes.

Molecular characterization and expression profile of the ALDH1A1 gene and its functions in yak luteal cells.

The ALDH1A1 gene encodes a cytoplasmic member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, which plays an important role in regulating animal reproductive performance, including estrus cycle and embryonic development. The aim of this study was to characterize ALDH1A1 activity in ovaries of 3-5 year-old yaks and to determine its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and progesterone secretion in luteal cells (LCs). The coding sequence (CDS) of the ALDH1A1 gene was cloned by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis was used to confirm localization of the ALDH1A1 protein in the ovary.

MicroRNA-542-3p targets Pten to inhibit the myoblasts proliferation but suppresses myogenic differentiation independent of targeted Pten.

Background: Non-coding RNA is a key epigenetic regulation factor during skeletal muscle development and postnatal growth, and miR-542-3p was reported to be conserved and highly expressed in the skeletal muscle among different species. However, its exact functions in the proliferation of muscle stem cells and myogenesis remain to be determined.

Methods: Transfection of proliferative and differentiated C2C12 cells used miR-542-3p mimic and inhibitor.

Cloning and Characterization of Yak Gene and Its Functional Studies in a Bisphenol S-Induced Ferroptosis Model of Fetal Fibroblasts.

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a rate-limiting enzyme of biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Although the involvement of DHODH in resisting ferroptosis has been successively reported in recent years, which greatly advanced the understanding of the mechanism of programmed cell death (PCD), the genetic sequence of the yak gene and its roles in ferroptosis are still unknown. For this purpose, we firstly cloned the coding region sequence of (1188 bp) from yak liver and conducted a characterization analysis of its predictive protein that consists of 395 amino acids.

Differential metabolites screening in yak (Bos grunniens) seminal plasma after cryopreservation and the evaluation of the effect of galactose on post-thaw sperm motility.

Sperm survival and activity depend on the provision of energy and nutrients from seminal plasma (SP). This study aimed to investigate the variations of metabolites within SP before and after freezing and subsequently explore the potential regulatory mechanisms affecting yak sperm cryodamage due to changes in metabolites in the SP. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to screen for differential metabolites, followed by KEGG analysis to identify enriched signaling pathways.

Factors Influencing the Maturation and Developmental Competence of Yak () Oocytes In Vitro.

The yak () is a unique breed living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, providing locals with a variety of vital means of living and production. However, the yak has poor sexual maturity and low fertility. High-quality mature oocytes are the basis of animal breeding technology.

Maternal Kdm2a-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling and E-cadherin stimulate the morula-to-blastocyst transition revealing crucial roles in early embryonic development.

Histone methylation plays an essential role in oocyte growth and preimplantation embryonic development. The modification relies on histone methyl-transferases and demethylases, and one of these, lysine-specific demethylase 2a (Kdm2a), is responsible for modulating histone methylation during oocyte and early embryonic development. The mechanism of how Kdm2a deficiency disrupts early embryonic development and fertility remains elusive.

Molecular cloning and characterization of STC1 gene and its functional analyses in yak (Bos grunniens) cumulus granulosa cells.

Cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs), an important type of ovarian somatic cells, carries out various functions related to oogenesis, follicular development, and steroidogenesis. Studying the biological mechanisms involved in the development and function of CGCs makes a great contribution to understanding the reproductive regulation in female animals. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is an important Ca-regulated glycoprotein hormone that exhibits high expression levels in ovaries.

Testis-specific knockout of Kdm2a reveals nonessential roles in male fertility but partially compromises spermatogenesis.

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 2 (Kdm2a) is a regulatory factor of histone modifications that participates in gametogenesis and embryonic development. The mis-regulation of Kdm2a can lead to aberrant gene expression, thereby contributing to abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. However, due to the potential confounding effects that are secondary to the loss of Kdm2a function from the soma in existing whole-animal mutants, the in vivo function of Kdm2a in spermatogenesis for male fertility remains unknown.

RFRP-3 Influences Apoptosis and Steroidogenesis of Yak Cumulus Cells and Compromises Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and Subsequent Developmental Competence.

RF amide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3), a mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), is identified to be a novel inhibitory endogenous neurohormonal peptide that regulates mammalian reproduction by binding with specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) in various species. Herein, our objectives were to explore the biological functions of exogenous RFRP-3 on the apoptosis and steroidogenesis of yak cumulus cells (CCs) and the developmental potential of yak oocytes. The spatiotemporal expression pattern and localization of GnIH/RFRP-3 and its receptor GPR147 were determined in follicles and CCs.

TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the differential proteins between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm of yak (Bos grunniens).

Sperm cryopreservation is one of the most effective methods for the conservation of germplasm resources and used of superior sires widely. However, the motility of yak (Bos grunniens) sperm was low after thawing and the proteomics changes in sperm cryopreservation remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the differences between fresh sperm and frozen sperm of yak through the proteomic analysis and thus improve the understanding of sperm cryodamage.

The Biological Characteristics and Differential Expression Patterns of Gene in Yak and Its Infertile Hybrid Offspring.

This study aimed to investigate the spatially and temporally expressed patterns and biological characteristics of in male yaks and explore the potential correlation between and male sterility of the yak hybrid offspring (termed cattle-yak). First, the coding sequence (CDS) of was cloned by RT-PCR, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted with relevant software. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect the expression profile of in various tissues of male adult yaks, the spatiotemporal expression of in different stages of yak testes, and the differential expression of between yak and cattle-yak testes.

Oocyte-Specific Knockout of Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM2a Compromises Fertility by Blocking the Development of Follicles and Oocytes.

The methylation status of histones plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including follicular and oocyte development. Lysine-specific demethylase 2a (KDM2a) has been reported to be closely associated with gametogenesis and reproductive performance, but the specific function and regulatory mechanism have been poorly characterized in vivo. We found KDM2a to be highly expressed in growing follicles and oocytes of mice in this study.

MicroRNA-34b-5p targets PPP1R11 to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in cattleyak Sertoli cells by regulating specific signaling pathways.

Cattleyaks, a hybrid of (♂) and yak (♀), exhibit the marked productivity and adaptability of plateau, but suffer from male infertility. Small non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play crucial roles in spermatogenesis and affect the growth of Sertoli cells (SCs). The objective of the present study was to explore the interaction between miR-34b-5p and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 11 (PPP1R11) and its effect on cattleyak SCs.

Analysis of PPP1R11 expression in granulosa cells during developmental follicles of yak and its effects on cell function.

The aims of this study were to analyse the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) expression and cellular localization in yak follicles and investigate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and oestrogen secretion in granulosa cells (GCs). Ten healthy and non-pregnant female yaks (4-year-old) were used as experimental animals. The mRNA relative expression level of PPP1R11 in GCs from small (<3.

The molecular characteristic analysis of gene and its expressional patterns in tissue and granulosa cells.

Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) plays an important role in the follicular development of female mammals. However, its expression and function in the yak () are still unclear. In this study, we predicted the molecular characteristics of , and revealed its expression pattern in yak () tissues and ovarian granulosa cells.