Myosuppressin signaling deficiency affects ovarian development via repression of 20-hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis in Grapholita molesta.

The steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is crucial in regulating ovarian development. However, the neuropeptidergic mechanisms underlying ovarian development via 20E are underexplored. In this study, we investigated myosuppressin (MS) signaling in the dominant fruit pest Grapholita molesta and revealed that MS signaling is necessary for 20E biosynthesis during ovarian maturation.

Effects of target tree management on understory regeneration in plantations.

To clarify the effects of target tree management on natural forest regeneration, with plantations in the low mountainous regions of eastern Sichuan with target tree densities of 100, 150 and 200 trees·hm as test object, we analyzed the effects of management densities on canopy structure, plant diversity, and soil physicochemical properties on understory regeneration. The results showed that the regeneration index increased with management density, which increased 0.08-0.

Effects of intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide-induced peripheral inflammation on dopamine neuron damage in rat midbrain.

Introduction: Current studies have documented neuroinflammation is implicated in Parkinson's disease. Recently, growing evidence indicated peripheral inflammation plays an important role in regulation of neuroinflammation and thus conferring protection against dopamine (DA) neuronal damage. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly illuminated.

[Effects of Notch-1/Twist-1 axis in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of type II alveolar epithelial cell and its mechanism].

To study the role of Notch-1/Twist-1 axis in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and hope to provide a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of PF. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group and bleomycin (BLM) group, 15 rats in each group. The PF rat model was induced by intratracheal injection of BLM (7 500 U/kg).

[Effects of thinning intensity on species composition and diversity of undergrowth vegetation community in plantation at initial stage of thinning].

Species composition and diversity of undergrowth vegetation community under different thinning intensities (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) were examined at the initial stage of thinning in 29-year-old plantation in the low mountain region of eastern Sichuan. The results show that all the thinning treatments could reduce the absolute dominance of and . The dominant species composition of shrubs in each treatment was different.

[Effect of small dose capsaicin for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in mice and its mechanism].

To observe whether the mechanism of small dose capsaicin (Cap) against pulmonary fibrosis in mouse is mediated by agitating transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Methods: A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (CON) group, bleomycin (BLM)group, Cap (0.5, 1,2 mg/kg) groups and Cap (2 mg/kg) plus SB-452533 (2.

[Interventional effect of epalrestat on renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats and its mechanism].

Objective: To observe the protective effects of epalrestat (EPS) on interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats and its mechanism.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, UUO group, UUO + epalrestat (50 or 100 mg/kg), 8 rats in each group.Rats in UUO and UUO + epalrestat group were obstructed left ureter.

[Rutaecarpine protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting Notch1/eIF3a signaling pathway in rats].

To investigate whether the protection of rutaecarpine against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is mediated by inhibiting Notch1/eukaryotic initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) signaling pathway, and whether these effects are related to the synthesis and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (=12), respectively, Control group, bleomycin group, rutaecarpine (100, 300 mg·kg⁻¹) group and capsaicin plus rutaecarpine (300 mg·kg⁻¹) group. Bleomycin (5 mg·kg⁻¹) was used to induce pulmonary fibrosis rat model. Rats were given capsaicin (50 mg·kg⁻¹) by subcutaneous injections 1 days before and 7, 14, 21 days after induce pulmonary fibrosis rat model to deplete endogenous CGRP.

[Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on eIF3a and p27 expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats].

Objective: To observe the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) and p27 expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats and its possible mechanism.

Methods: Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 180~220 g were randomly divided into three groups (=8):control group, bleomycin group, bleomycin plus capsaicin group. Bleomycin (5 mg/kg) was used to induce pulmonary fibrosis rat model.

A Chiral Nitrogen Ligand for Enantioselective, Iridium-Catalyzed Silylation of Aromatic C-H Bonds.

Iridium catalysts containing dative nitrogen ligands are highly active for the borylation and silylation of C-H bonds, but chiral analogs of these catalysts for enantioselective silylation reactions have not been developed. We report a new chiral pyridinyloxazoline ligand for enantioselective, intramolecular silylation of symmetrical diarylmethoxy diethylsilanes. Regioselective and enantioselective silylation of unsymmetrical substrates was also achieved in the presence of this newly developed system.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide down-regulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

We have found that eIF3a plays an important role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and up-regulation of eIF3a induced by TGF-β1 is mediated via the ERK1/2 pathway. Whether ERK1/2 - eIF3a signal pathway is involved in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-mediated pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in rats.

Fluorofenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) in rats.

Fluorofenidone is a novel derivative of l-mimosine. It has remarkable anti-fibrotic properties. In this study, we established that fluorofenidone ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis (PF) both in vivo and in vitro by specifically inhibiting the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a).

[Effect of chrysin on expression of NOX4 and NF-κB in right ventricle of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension of rats].

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg x kg(-1), sc) and were administered with chrysin (50 or 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle.

[Effect of sesamin on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension].

Objective: To observe the effect of sesamin (Ses) on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline ( MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Method: Totally 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed adaptively for one week and then divided into the normal control group, the MCT group, the MCT +Ses (50 mg x kg(-1)) group and the MCT + Ses (100 mg x kg(-1)) group, with 12 rats in each group. The PH rat model was induced through the subcutaneous injection with MCT(60 mg x kg(-1)).

Inhibitory effect of l-mimosine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Role of eIF3a and p27.

It has also been shown that the decreased expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) by L-mimosine caused cell cycle arrest. Our previous study has found that eIF3a is involved in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Whether the eIF3a/p27 signal pathway is involved in the inhibitory effect of L-mimosine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown.

[Effects of forest gap on seasonal dynamics of soil organic carbon and microbial biomass car- bon in Picea asperata forest in Miyaluo of Western Sichuan, Southwest China].

Effects of gap sizes (50, 100 and 150 m2) on seasonal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) were investigated in a 50-year old Picea asperata plantation in Miyaluo forest, Western Si- chuan, China. In the four seasons, the SOC and MBC contents were higher in the soil surface than in soil subsurface in the four treatments, and varied insignificantly in different seasons. Compared with the control, the SOC content increased by 35.

Effects of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Background: Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and arterial intima hyperplasia. This study aims to investigate the effects of chrysin on rat pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to 10% O2 for 4 weeks to induce PH.

Role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) is a multifunctional protein and plays an important role in regulation of cellular function including proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, we tested the function of eIF3a in pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5mg/kg) in rats.

[Effects of rutaecarpine on right ventriclar remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of rutaecarpine (Rut) on right ventricular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Method: Forty-eight SD rats were fed adaptively for 1 week and then were randomly divided into the following 4 groups (n = 12): normal control group, monocrotaline (MCT) treatment group, MCT treatment with Rut (20 mg/kg)group and MCT treatment with Rut (40 mg/kg) group. PH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, sc) and were administered with Rut (20 or 40 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks.

Soil biochemical responses to nitrogen addition in a bamboo forest.

Many vital ecosystem processes take place in the soils and are greatly affected by the increasing active nitrogen (N) deposition observed globally. Nitrogen deposition generally affects ecosystem processes through the changes in soil biochemical properties such as soil nutrient availability, microbial properties and enzyme activities. In order to evaluate the soil biochemical responses to elevated atmospheric N deposition in bamboo forest ecosystems, a two-year field N addition experiment in a hybrid bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii) plantation was conducted.

[Effect of sequoyitol on expression of NOX4 and eNOS induced with glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sequoyitol (Sep) on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury.

Methods: HUVECs were cultured with high glucose (30 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of sequoyitol (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L) for 24 h.

[Effect of sequoyitol on expression of NOX4 and eNOS in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats].

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sequoyitol (Seq) on expression of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg x kg(-1)) and were administered Seq (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks.

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin.

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.

Nitrogen addition significantly affects forest litter decomposition under high levels of ambient nitrogen deposition.

Background: Forest litter decomposition is a major component of the global carbon (C) budget, and is greatly affected by the atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition observed globally. However, the effects of N addition on forest litter decomposition, in ecosystems receiving increasingly higher levels of ambient N deposition, are poorly understood.

Methodology/principal Findings: We conducted a two-year field experiment in five forests along the western edge of the Sichuan Basin in China, where atmospheric N deposition was up to 82-114 kg N ha(-1) in the study sites.