Gut microbiota and its metabolic products in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The prevalence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is estimated at approximately 10% in critically ill patients worldwide, with the mortality rate ranging from 17% to 39%. Currently, ARDS mortality is usually higher in patients with COVID-19, giving another challenge for ARDS treatment. However, the treatment efficacy for ARDS is far from satisfactory.

Improving myopia awareness school-based myopia prevention health education among Chinese students.

Aim: To investigate the myopia awareness level, knowledge, attitude, and skills at baseline and to implement and evaluate the efficacy of myopia prevention health education among Chinese students.

Methods: A total of 1000 middle school students from 2 middle schools were invited to participate in the study, and myopia prevention health education was conducted. The students were assessed at baseline, followed by a survey.

PA-MSHA induces inflamed tumor microenvironment and sensitizes tumor to anti-PD-1 therapy.

A low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has impeded its clinical use. As reported previously, an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) was directly correlated with patients' response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, restoring the cytotoxic effect of immune cells in the TME is a promising way to improve the efficacy of ICB and overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy.

Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation on TGF-β1/Smads/ERK signaling pathway of endotoxic acute lung injury in rats.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity in both humans and animals. Studies have shown that intestinal microbiota affect the pathology and immune function of respiratory diseases through the "gut-lung axis". The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rats with ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Association of Surfactant-Associated Protein D Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of COPD: a Meta-Analysis.

The relationship between surfactant-associated protein D polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk remains controversial. This article is the first to systematically evaluate this relationship. A comprehensive worldwide search was conducted for relevant literature on surfactant-associated protein D gene mutations and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk prediction.

Interleukin-17A promotes the formation of inflammation in the lung tissues of rats with pulmonary fibrosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-17A in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. In total, 20 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal saline (NS group) and a bleomycin group (BLM group). The BLM group rats were intratracheally instilled with BLM, while the NS group rats were intratracheally instilled with saline.

[B Cell Activating Transcription Factor Regulates Acute Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice].

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of B cell activating transcription factor (BATF) on acute airway inflammation and its association with retinoic acid orphan nuclear receptors gammat (RORyt) in asthmatic mice.

Methods: 24 female BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups (n 8): normal saline (NS) treated, asthma (AS) control and dexamethasone (DEX) treated. AS mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish murine asthma model.

[Effect of Budesonide on Smad4, PDGF-A and PAI-1 in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis].

Aim: To observe the effect of Budesonide (BUD) on TGF-β1, PDGF-A, Smad4 and PAI-1 in lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis rats.

Methods: Forty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal solution (NS) group, BUD group and bleomycin (BLM) group. 9 g/L NaCl solution was instilled into the tratracheaes in NS group, and BLM were used in BUD group and BLM group.

[Pulmonary fibrosis induces erectile dysfunction in rats].

Objective: To study the impact of pulmonary fibrosis on erectile function in rats and its mechanism.

Methods: Forty 12-week-old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into Groups A (4-week pulmonary fibrosis), B (6-week pulmonary fibrosis), C (4-week control, and D (6-week control). The models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by injection of bleomycin at 5 mg/kg in the trachea, while the controls were injected with normal saline only.

[Effects of andrographolide on the concentration of cytokines in BALF and the expressions of type I and III collagen mRNA in lung tissue in bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis].

Aim: To investigate the effects of andrographolide on the concentration of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the expressions of type I and III collagen mRNA in Lung tissue in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Methods: 90 healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 15 rats each group: normal saline (NS) group, BLM group, prednisone (Pred) group and different doses of andrographolide groups (andrographolide group A 62.5 mg/kg, andrographolide group B 125 mg/kg and andrographolide group C 250 mg/kg).

[Effect of aerosolized STAT1 antisense oligonucleotides on the expressions of cytokines and collagens in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis rats induced by bleomycin].

Objective: To investigate the effects of aerosolized signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) antisense oligonucleotides (ASON) on the expressions of TGF-beta(1), PAI-1, collagen Type I and III and hydroxyproline in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats.

Methods: Forty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal saline (NS) group, BLM group and ASON group. The BLM group and the ASON group were intratracheally instilled with BLM while the NS group was instilled with NS.

[Therapeutic effects of aerosolized signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 antisense oligonucleotide administered at different time points on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: experiment with rats].

Objective: To investigate the curative effects of inhaling signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) antisense oligonucleotide (ASON) on alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis and the best administration time.

Methods: Twenty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: BLM group, undergoing intra-tracheal perfusion of BLM so as to establish animal models of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis and then inhaling aerosolized normal saline (NS); NS group undergoing intra-tracheal perfusion of NS and then inhaling aerosolized NS; ASON 0 d group, undergoing intra-tracheal perfusion of BLM and then inhaling aerosolized STAT1 ASON 3 ml immediately; ASON 7 d group, undergoing intra-tracheal perfusion of BLM and then inhaling STAT1 ASON 3 ml 7 days later; and ASON 14 d group undergoing intra-tracheal perfusion of BLM and then inhaling aerosolized STAT1 ASON 3 ml 14 days later. Aerosolized inhalation was repeated once every other day for 4 times.

[Effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on inflammatory mediators, type I and type III collagen mRNA of rat pulmonary fibrosis].

Aim: To investigate the effect of aerosolized signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASON) on the expression of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and typeI and typeIII collagen mRNA of the bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: 45 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal saline (NS) group, bleomycin (BLM) group and ASON group. BLM group and ASON group were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (BLM) while NS group was instilled with NS.

The effects of aerosolized STAT1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on rat pulmonary fibrosis.

Previous study showed that aerosolized signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) inhibited the expression of STAT1 and ICAM-1 mRNA and protein in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and decreased the concentrations of TGF-beta, PDGF and TNF-alpha in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in bleomycin (BLM)-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Administration of STAT1 ASON ameliorated alveolitis in rat pulmonary fibrosis. However, further investigations are needed to determine whether there is an effect from administration of STAT1 ASON on fibrosis.

Aerosolized STAT1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides decrease the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis.

It has been demonstrated that alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis by releasing a variety of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. In addition, abnormal signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) activation in AMs may play a pivotal role in the process of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we transfected STAT1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) into rats by aerosolization, and then investigated the effect of STAT1 ASON on inflammatory mediators such as TGF-beta, PDGF and TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from rats with bleomycin (BLM)-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis.

[STAT1 antisense oligonucleotides inhibit secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and NO in alveolar macrophages of rats suffering from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

Aim: To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) antisense oligonucleotides (ASON) on secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and NO by alveolar macrophages (AMs) of rats with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: Five adult female Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with BLM. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed under ketamine anaesthesia and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to obtain AMs.

[The effect of STAT1 antisense oligonucleotides on lung fibroblast proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) antisense oligonucleotides on lung fibroblast proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion.

Methods: Ten adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: one group was intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (BLM), while another group with 0.9% NaCl solution (NS).

[Regulative effect of STAT1 on inflammation of lung tissue in bleomycin-induced rat interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

Objective: To investigate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in alveolar macrophage (AM) in bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: Fifty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats of BLM group were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (BLM), and those of the control group with normal saline(NS).

STAT1 activation and STAT1-dependent immune-response gene ICAM-1 expression in alveolar macrophages of rats suffered from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Aim: To investigate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT(1)) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) from rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: Fifty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: One group was intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (BLM), while another group with 9 g/L NaCl solution (NS). The kinetic change of STAT(1) activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression in AMs was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.