Identification of Carassius auratus gibelio liver cell proteins interacting with the GABA receptor γ2 subunit using a yeast two-hybrid system.

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptor is an important pentameric inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor, and the γ2 subunit of this receptor plays a key role in potentiation of the GABA response. We previously detected that the expression of GABA receptor in the livers of Carassius auratus gibelio significantly increased after medication (avermectin and difloxacin treatment). In order to better understand the mechanism of action of the GABA receptor γ2 subunit in the livers of C.

Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of NOD1, NOD2 and NLRC3 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins NOD1, NOD2 and NLRC3 are cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family. In the present study, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) NOD1 (ntNOD1), NOD2 (ntNOD2) and NLRC3 (ntNLRC3) genes were cloned and characterized. The full-length ntNOD1, ntNOD2 and ntNLRC3 genes were 3924, 3886 and 4574 bp, encoding 941, 986 and 1130 amino acids, respectively.

Toxicity and accumulation of zinc pyrithione in the liver and kidneys of Carassius auratus gibelio: association with P-glycoprotein expression.

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent; therefore, it is widely used in industry and civilian life. It is discharged into the aquatic environment with industrial and civilian waste water. Carassius sp.

Analysis of Saprolegnia parasitica Transcriptome following Treatment with Copper Sulfate.

Background: Massive infection caused by oomycete fungus Saprolegnia parasitica is detrimental to freshwater fish. Recently, we showed that copper sulfate demonstrated good efficacy for controlling S. parasitica infection in grass carp.

Inhibition of dioscin on Saprolegnia in vitro.

As one of the most serious pathogens in the freshwater aquatic environment, Saprolegnia can induce a high mortality rate during the fish egg incubation period. This study investigated the anti-Saprolegnia activity of a total of 108 plants on Saprolegnia parasitica in vitro and Dioscorea collettii was selected for further studies. By loading on an open silica gel column and eluting with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol, dioscin (C45H72O16) was isolated from D.

Chitosan Influences the Expression of P-gp and Metabolism of Norfloxacin in Grass Carp.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the administration of chitosan (CTS), expression of permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), and the metabolism of norfloxacin (NOR) in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish were administrated with a single dose of either NOR, CTS, 1:5 NOR-CTS or 1:10 NOR-CTS. The P-gp expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR.

Tissue accumulation and toxicity of isothiazolinone in Ctenopharyngodon idellus (grass carp): association with P-glycoprotein expression and location within tissues.

Isothiazolinone is widely used as a broad-spectrum fungicide in various industries, such as oil, paper, pesticide, dyes, tanning and cosmetics. There is an increasing concern over protection of the aquatic environment due to its large-scale use. The acute toxicity (LC50) of isothiazolinone in Ctenopharyngodon idellus was investigated.

Inhibition of CYP450 1A and 3A by berberine in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio.

Berberine has long been considered as an antibiotic candidate in aquaculture. However, studies regarding its effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes in fish are still limited. In the present study, the effects of berberine on cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and CYP3A in crucian carp were investigated.

Effects of cytochrome P450 1A substrate (difloxacin) on enzyme gene expression and pharmacokinetics in crucian carp (hybridized Prussian carp).

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a prominent role in drug metabolism and biotransformation which are distributed in liver of aquatic animals. However, limited information is available about CYP genes involved in drug metabolism in fish. In the present study, we explore CYP1A characterization for DIF metabolism.

Effects of fish cytochromes P450 inducers and inhibitors on difloxacin N-demethylation in kidney of Chinese idle (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) play key roles in drug metabolism which are widely distributed in kidney in aquatic organisms. CYP(s) mainly catalyzed the N-demethylation reaction of difloxacin (DIF) biotransformation to sarafloxacin (SAR). However, limited information is available about CYP investigation in fish.

Effects of fish CYP inducers on difloxacin N-demethylation in kidney cell of Chinese idle (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

A drug-drug interaction occurs when the effect of one drug is altered by the presence of another drug which is generally associated with the induction of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) activity. Thus, unexpected treatment failures often happen resulting from inappropriate coadministration in fisheries. However, little information is available about CYP induction in fish.

Effects of mammalian CYP3A inducers on CYP3A-related enzyme activities in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): Possible implications for the establishment of a fish CYP3A induction model.

Unexpected drug-drug interactions in fish are generally associated with the induction of CYP3A activity and may lead to the formation of drug residues and thus threaten the safety of fishery products. However, little information is available about CYP3A induction in fish. In the present study, we determined the in vivo and in vitro effects of typical mammalian CYP3A inducers (rifampicin, phenobarbital and dexamethasone) on CYP3A-related enzyme activities in a freshwater teleost, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).