[A study on indicator system for early-warning on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome epidemic].

Objective: To establish an early-warning indicator system on outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by Delphi method seeking expert advices.

Methods: Firstly, the literature review and the experts meeting method were used to formulate the initiator frame work and indicators. A two-round consultation was used to filter indicators, discuss the boundary of indicators and determine the weighting coefficient among 25 experts from 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

[Study on the relations between smoking and the risk of age-specific lung cancer deaths in urban and rural areas of China].

Objective: To study the association between smoking and lung cancer mortality of residents living in the urban and rural areas of China.

Methods: Using the national census data on causes of death and case-control studies, stratified analysis was conducted by parameters as geography and age, to calculate the risk ratios, excess risks, average years lost for life expectancy by smoking in males and females in 103 cities/counties in China.

Results: Smoking increased the risks for lung cancer death in all ages older than 35 years of age, in urban and rural areas, through data analysis on 52 193 cases died from lung cancer in 1986 - 1988 and 307 934 matched controls in China.

[Association of Taq I T/C and Fok I C/T polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene with outcome of hepatitis B virus infection].

Objective: To determine whether Taq I T/C and Fok I C/T polymorphisms of vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene was associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods: A total of 212 HBV self-limited infection individuals, 244 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 391 chronic hepatitis B (HB) patients were recruited to conduct a case-control study. VDR-Taq I T/C and VDR-Fok I C/T polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

[Study on association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the outcomes of HBV infection].

Objective: To explore whether the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese Han population.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the polymorphisms of Fok I locus in exon 2 and Taq I locus in exon 9 of VDR gene. One hundred and eighty-four chronic hepatitis B patients and 205 asymptomatic HBV carriers were recruited to make the comparison of frequencies of genotype and haplotype of the VDR gene between the patients and the carriers.

Smoking and mortality from esophageal cancer in China: a large case-control study of 19,734 male esophageal cancer deaths and 104,846 living spouse controls.

An innovative population-based case-control study was conducted in a national mortality survey to assess the hazards of tobacco use on esophageal cancer among Chinese men. Cases were 19,734 males aged 35 years or older, who died of esophageal cancer during 1986-1988. Controls were 104,846 male living spouses of the same age when their wife died (of any cause) during the same period in the same county or city.

Survey of coverage, strategy and cost of hepatitis B vaccination in rural and urban areas of China.

AIM:In order to understand the coverage, immunization strategy and cost of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of China in recent years.METHODS:A two-stage household random sampling method was used in the survey.RESULTS:The survey carried out at 112 Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) of 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 1996, showed that the coverage rates of HB vaccination among neonates were 96.

Long-term effectiveness of infancy low-dose hepatitis B vaccine immunization in Zhuang minority area in China.

AIM:To observe the long-term effectiveness of low-dose immunization strategy and risk factors of HBsAg carriers in immunized children of Zhuang minorities of Longan County in the 9th year after infancy immunization.METHODS:Two epidemiologic methods,a cross-sectional follow-up study and a case-control study,were used for the evaluation of the serological effect and the determination of the risk factors. Hepatitis B virus markers were detected with radioimmunoassay.

Persistence of hepatitis B vaccine immune protection and response to hepatitis B booster immunization.

AIM:To identify the persistence of immune protection of China-made, plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine after infancy immunization and the time table of booster immunization.METHODS:A cross-sectional follow-up study and an experimental study on booster were used for the evaluation of the serological effect 7 years after vaccination and the antibody anamnestic response. Radioimmunoassay was used for the detection of hepatitis B virus markers.