Investigating anorectal function using postoperative MRI-based fibrosis score in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a two-center study.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a postoperative MRI-based fibrosis scoring system and to assess its correlation with anorectal function in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) cases administered neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods: Pathologically confirmed LARC cases administered nCRT and radical resection were assessed retrospectively. Based on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, anastomotic fibrosis score (AFS) and perirectal fibrosis score (PFS) were determined to evaluate the extent of fibrosis.

Changing trends, clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated versus non-schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer: a large retrospective cohort study of 31 153 cases in Shanghai, China (2001-2021).

Background: With the elimination of schistosomiasis in China, its role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has decreased. However, the trends, clinicopathological features, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated CRC (SACRC) versus non-schistosomiasis-associated CRC (NSACRC) in China remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: The percentage trend of SACRC in CRC patients in China was analyzed using data retrieved from the Pathology Registry of Changhai Hospital (2001-2021).

Erratum: miR-365a-3p regulates ADAM10-JAK-STAT signaling to suppress the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.42731.

Re-recognition of -related polyposis: beyond juvenile polyposis and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome.

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A () is responsible for two individual Mendelian diseases: juvenile polyposis syndrome and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome 2, which have overlapping phenotypes. This study aimed to elucidate whether these two syndromes are just two subtypes of a single syndrome rather than two isolated syndromes.

Methods: We sequenced the gene in 186 patients with polyposis and colorectal cancer, and evaluated the clinicopathological features and phenotypes of the probands and their available relatives with mutations.

Implantation metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer to rectal anastomosis proved by whole exome sequencing and lineage inference for cancer heterogeneity and evolution analysis: Case report and literature review.

It was estimated that 70% of patients with colorectal cancer were found to have viable exfoliated malignant cells in adjacent intestinal lumen. Exfoliated malignant cells had been reported to implant on raw surfaces, such as polypectomy site, anal fissure, anal fistula, hemorrhoidectomy wound, and anastomotic suture line. Tumors at anastomosis could be classified into four groups: local recurrence, local manifestation of widespread metastasis, metachronous carcinogenesis, and implantation metastasis.

Trends, clinicopathological features, surgical treatment patterns and prognoses of early-onset versus late-onset colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study on 34067 patients managed from 2000 to 2021 in a Chinese tertiary center.

Background: In recent decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has reportedly increased in several developed countries, whereas that of late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) has decreased continuously. The trends, clinicopathological features, surgical treatment patterns, and prognoses of EOCRC and LOCRC in China remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in China using data from our pathology registry collected in 2000-2021.

Role of Perirectal Fat in the Carcinogenesis and Development of Early-Onset Rectal Cancer.

Purpose: The incidence of early-onset rectal cancer (EORC) has been increasing since the past decade, while its underlying cause remained unknown. This study was aimed at clarifying the relationship between perirectal fat area (PFA) and EORC. .

Evaluation of the learning curve for conformal sphincter preservation operation in the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer.

Background: To investigate the learning curve of conformal sphincter preservation operation (CSPO) in the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer and to further explore the influencing factors of operation time.

Methods: From August 2011 to April 2020, 108 consecutive patients with ultralow rectal cancer underwent CSPO by the same surgeon in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Changhai Hospital. The moving average and cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) curve were used to analyze the learning curve.

Which Definition of Upper Rectal Cancer Is Optimal in Selecting Stage II or III Rectal Cancer Patients to Avoid Postoperative Adjuvant Radiation?

Background: In most guidelines, upper rectal cancers (URC) are not recommended to take neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiation. However, the definitions of URC vary greatly. Five definitions had been commonly used to define URC: 1) >10 cm from the anal verge by MRI; 2) >12 cm from the anal verge by MRI; 3) >10 cm from the anal verge by colonoscopy; 4) >12 cm from the anal verge by colonoscopy; 5) above the anterior peritoneal reflection (APR).

MicroRNA-142-3p Inhibits Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer Suppressing the Activation of Wnt Signaling by Directly Targeting to β-Catenin.

Background: Altered expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) was reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aims of this study are to identify the changed miRNAs in the plasma of CRC patients and explore the underlying mechanism of these miRNAs during tumorigenesis.

Methods: Plasma miRNA expression profiles were compared between healthy people and CRC patients.

Rectal cancer patients with downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical resection do not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Whether adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial for rectal cancer patients who respond well to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and undergo radical resection is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the oncological outcomes of ypT0-2N0 rectal cancer patients after NCRT and radical resection, and identify the prognostic factors.

Methods: The clinical and pathological data of rectal cancer patients with ypT0-2N0 who underwent NCRT and radical resection between January, 2010 and June, 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Greater Peripouch Fat Area on CT Image Is Associated with Chronic Pouchitis and Pouch Failure in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients.

Background: The causes of chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis (CARP) and pouch failure in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients remain unknown. Our previous small study showed peripouch fat area measured by MRI was associated with pouchitis.

Aims: To explore the relationship between peripouch fat area on CT imaging and pouch outcomes.

Juvenile polyposis syndrome might be misdiagnosed as familial adenomatous polyposis: a case report and literature review.

Background: Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of multiple juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, and germline mutations in SMAD4 or BMPR1A. Due to its rarity and complex clinical manifestation, misdiagnosis often occurs in clinical practice.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old man with multiple pedunculated colorectal polyps and concomitant rectal adenocarcinoma was admitted to our hospital.

MicroRNA-95-3p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma by HDGF.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. MiR-95-3p has been reported to be an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of miR-95-3p in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear.

miR-365a-3p regulates ADAM10-JAK-STAT signaling to suppress the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of the growth and development of a wide range of cancer types such as colorectal cancer (CRC). A number of previously studies have observed that the levels of miR-365a-3p expression are dysregulated in many cancers, but the specific role of this miRNA in CRC and its association with patient prognosis remains unclear. : The expression of miR-365a-3p in CRC tissues and cell lines was detected by Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), while the relationship between miR-365a-3p expression and clinicopathological characteristics was further analyzed.

Comparison of Fresh Frozen Tissue With Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for Mutation Analysis Using a Multi-Gene Panel in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.

Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based multi-gene panel tests have been performed to predict the treatment response and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether the multi-gene mutation results of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are identical to those of fresh frozen tissues remains unknown. A 22-gene panel with 103 hotspots was used to detect mutations in paired fresh frozen tissue and FFPE tissue from 118 patients with CRC.

Lower peripouch fat area is related with increased frequency of pouch prolapse and floppy pouch complex in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Background: Pouch prolapse is a rare pouch complication which often leads to pouch failure in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Its exact cause remains unknown. Floppy pouch complex (FPC) was defined as the presence of any one of the following pouch disorders: pouch prolapse, afferent limb syndrome (ALS), redundant loop, and pouch folding.

Pouch wall thickness and floppy pouch complex.

Background: Floppy pouch complex (FPC) consists of disease phenotypes in patients with ileal pouches, including pouch prolapse, afferent limb syndrome, enterocele, redundant loop, and pouch folding. Our recent study demonstrated that lower body weight, lower peripouch fat, family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), female gender, and dyschezia are risk factors for FPC patients with IBD. The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between pouch wall thickness and FPC, and to investigate the association between inflamed and non-inflamed pouch wall thickness.

Characterization of risk factors for floppy pouch complex in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis can be associated with a variety of complications, including floppy pouch complex (FPC). FPC is defined as the presence of pouch prolapse, afferent limb syndrome, enterocele, redundant loop, and folding pouch on pouchoscopy or contrasted pouchogram. The main symptoms of patients with FPC are dyschezia, incomplete evacuation, and bloating.

Clinical significance of multiple gene detection with a 22-gene panel in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of 207 colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Simultaneous detection of multiple molecular biomarkers is helpful in the prediction of treatment response and prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods: A 22-gene panel consisting of 103 hotspot regions was utilized in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of 207 CRC patients, using the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based multiplex PCR technique. Those 22 genes included AKT1, ALK, BRAF, CTNNB1, DDR2, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, FBXW7, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, KRAS, MAP2K1, MET, NOTCH1, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, SMAD4, STK11, and TP53.

HIF1A and VEGF regulate each other by competing endogenous RNA mechanism and involve in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis.

Background: Peritoneal fibrosis is a major intractable complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis, and would eventually lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure and the termination of peritoneal dialysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) has been reported to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and involves in peritoneal fibrosis, but the exact molecular regulation mechanism remains unknown.

Methods: HIF1A and VEGF protein levels were measured in 42 peritoneal patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Vedolizumab in the treatment of Crohn's disease of the pouch.

Background: Our recent study showed the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis. However, there are no published studies on its efficacy and safety in Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in those patients.

Comparisons of the surgical outcomes and medical costs between transferred and directly admitted patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction in an American tertiary referral center.

Purpose: Intestinal obstruction is a leading cause of patient mortality and the most common reason for emergent operation in colorectal surgery. The influence of inter-hospital transfer on patients' outcomes varies greatly in different diseases. We aimed to compare the surgical outcomes and medical costs between transferred and directly admitted patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction in an American tertiary referral center.

Peripouch Fat Area Measured on MRI Image and Its Association With Adverse Pouch Outcomes.

Background: There are no published studies on the impact of peripouch fat on pouch outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods: Patients with pelvic MRI-DIXON scans from our prospectively maintained Pouch Database between 2002 and 2016 were evaluated. Peripouch fat area was measured on MRI-DIXON-F images at the middle height level of the pouch (area M) and the highest level of the pouch (area H).

Pelvic MRI and CT images are interchangeable for measuring peripouch fat.

A total of 27 pouch patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, who underwent pelvic MRI-DIXON and CT scan within one year, were included. Peripouch fat areas were measured at the middle height level of pouch (AreaM) and the highest level of pouch (AreaH). Our results demonstrated that measurements of perianal fat thickness, AreaM and AreaH based on MRI image were accurate and reproducible (correlation efficiency(r): intraobserver: 0.