Objective: Mucosal immunization was an effective defender against pathogens. Nasal vaccines could activate both systemic and mucosal immunity to trigger protective immune responses. However, due to the weak immunogenicity of nasal vaccines and the lack of appropriate antigen carriers, very few nasal vaccines have been clinically approved for human use, which was a major barrier to the development of nasal vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterizing the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of microvessels under both normal and seizure conditions is crucial for a better understanding of epilepsy. However, conventional imaging techniques cannot detect microvessels on micron/sub-micron scales without angiography. In this study, synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (ILPCI) and quantitative 3D characterization were used to acquire high-resolution, high-contrast images of rat brain tissue under both normal and seizure conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConventional imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography have limited temporospatial resolutions and shortcomings like invasive angiography, potential allergy to contrast agents, and image deformation, that restrict their application in high-resolution visualization of the structure of microvessels. In this study, through comparing synchrotron radiation (SR) absorption-contrast imaging to absorption phase-contrast imaging, it was found that SR-based phase-contrast imaging could provide more detailed ultra-high-pixel images of microvascular networks than absorption phase-contrast imaging. Simultaneously, SR-based phase-contrast imaging was used to perform high-quality, multi-dimensional and multi-scale imaging of rat brain angioarchitecture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
February 2017
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating injuries. Treatment strategies for SCI are required to overcome comprehensive issues. Implantation of biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIbuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. The pellets were further coated with chitosan (cationic) and gelatin (anionic) by ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects. In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymorphism denotes the existence of more than one crystal structure of a substance, and great practical and theoretical interest for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In many cases, it is challenging to produce a pure crystal form and establish a sensitive detection method for the identification of crystal form in a mixture of polymorphs. In this study, an accurate and sensitive method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-μCT) was devised to identify the polymorphs of clopidogrel bisulphate (CLP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, the Pickering emulsions were prepared using medium chain triglycerides(MCT) and α-cyclodextrin(α-CD) and the formation mechanism was studied by means of several physicochemical techniques. The MCT/α-CD microparticles, which stabilized the emulsions, were characterized by the measurement of interfacial tension and the contact angle(θ(ow)), powder X ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), differential interference microscope(DIM), Cryo-scanning electron microscopy(Cryo-SEM). The physical stability of emulsions with different α-CD content in the continuous aqueous phase was investigated by determination of the droplet size and sedimentation rate, combined with the observation of droplet morphologies by the inverted phase contrast microscope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe deformation behavior of particles under pressure dominates the mechanical properties of solid dosage forms. In this study, the in situ 3D deformation of two polymorphs (I and II) of clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) was determined to illustrate pressure distribution profiles within the tablet by the deformation of the crystalline particles for the first time. Synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-μCT) was utilized to visualize and quantify the morphology of thousands crystalline particles of CLP I and CLP II before and after compression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe shape and structure of granules are controlled by the granulation process, which is one of the main factors to determine the nature of the solid dosage forms. In this article, three kinds of granules of a traditional Chinese medicine for improving appetite and promoting digestion, namely, Jianwei Granules, were prepared using granulation technologies as pendular granulation, high speed stirring granulation, and fluidized bed granulation and the powder properties of them were investigated. Meanwhile, synchrotron radiation X-ray computed micro tomography (SR-µCT) was applied to quantitatively determine the irregular internal structures of the granules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe angioarchitecture is a fundamental aspect of brain development and physiology. However, available imaging tools are unsuited for non-destructive cerebral mapping of the functionally important three-dimensional (3D) vascular microstructures. To address this issue, we developed an ultra-high resolution 3D digitalized angioarchitectural map for rat brain, based on synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging (SR-PCI) with pixel size of 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe release behavior of single pellet was investigated by LC/MS/MS method with tamsulosin hydrochloride (TSH) as the model drug of the research and then the pellets were divided into four groups according to the drug loading. Comparison of dissolution profiles of each group and capsule were performed using f1 and f2 factor methods to study the difference and similarity. The release profiles of single pellet, each group and capsule were analyzed using principle component analysis (PCA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe crystal form of solid substance had intrinsic correlation with its three dimensional crystal morphology. Based on the characterization of the three dimensional crystal morphology of clopidogrel bisulfate, this research is to establish a model based on the three dimensional morphological parameters. The granular samples composed of polymorphs of clopidogrel bisulfate and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were scanned by synchrotron radiation X-ray microscopic CT technology (SR-microCT) and the three dimensional structural models for which were constructed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of a natural swelling matrix derived from boat-fruited sterculia seed (SMS) as the propellant of osmotic pump tablets. The sugar components, static swelling, water uptake and viscosity of SMS were determined and compared with that of polythylene oxide (WSR-N10 and WSR-303). Both ribavirin and glipizide were used as water-soluble and water-insoluble model drugs.
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