Relationship between Indel Variants within the Gene and Growth Traits in Goats.

() plays a critical role in myoblast proliferation and fat deposition in animals. Our previous RNA-Seq analyses identified a close association between the gene and muscle development. To date, research delving into the relationship between the gene and growth traits has been sparse.

Exosomal RNAs: Novel Potential Biomarkers for Diseases-A Review.

Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell specificity and reflect the conditions of their donor cells.

Transcriptional regulation of the bovine FGFR1 gene facilitates myoblast proliferation under hypomethylation of the promoter.

DNA methylation, which can affect the expression level of genes, is one of the most vital epigenetic modifications in mammals. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) plays an important role in muscle development; however, DNA methylation of the FGFR1 promoter has not been studied to date in cattle. Our study focused on methylation of the FGFR1 promoter and its effect on bovine myoblast proliferation and differentiation.

A novel duplicated insertion/deletion (InDel) of the gene and its effects on growth traits in goat.

(CPT1a) is a rate-limited enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. It acts as a bridge between and the fatty acid oxidation pathways and is closely related to ruminant growth and development. In this study, one 12 bp InDel polymorphism of the gene was identified in 700 goats, and we designated these three genotypes II, ID, and DD.

Copy Number Variation of the Gene in Sheep and Its Association with Economic Traits.

Copy number variation (CNV) caused by gene rearrangement is an important part of genomic structural variation. We found that the copy number variation region of the Src Homology 2 Domain Containing E () gene correlates with a quantitative trait locus of sheep related to milk fat percentage and bone density. The aim of our study was to detect the copy number variation of the gene in four sheep breeds and to conduct a correlation analysis with economic traits, hoping to provide some reference for sheep breeding.

Detection of InDel variations within seven candidate genes and their associations with phenotypic traits in three cattle breeds.

The Xinjiang brown cattle, Red steppe cattle, and Yunling cattle are indigenous cultivated cattle breeds in Chinese frontier provinces, and they produce high-grade beef and milk products, however, their genetic diversity in many important genes related to excellent meat and milk production is still unknown. Our previous studies have found that several candidate genes (e.g.

Determination of genetic effects of on important growth traits in beef cattle.

Serine protease inhibitor protein 3 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3, ) is a member of the serpin superfamily, probably related to the yield and quality of muscle. This study focuses on the relationship between gene polymorphism and growth traits in beef cattle. The study first uses sequencing pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq), PCR-RFLP and Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR techniques to determine the genetic polymorphisms of SERPINA3 in 765 beef cattle.

A novel SNP of PLAG1 gene and its association with growth traits in Chinese cattle.

Genetic polymorphism has great influences on the improvement of cattle traits. The polymorphism of the same gene family will greatly change the growth traits of cattle, such as the pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG) family. Many studies have shown that the PLAG family proteins are the transcription regulators of nuclear protein, which mainly regulates the expression of many important genes in the body.

Distribution and association study in copy number variation of KCNJ12 gene across four Chinese cattle populations.

Copy number variation is a large genome variation which usually happens in the noncoding-region, and it may occur at the locus associated with the functional gene to further influence the phenotype. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J 12 (KCNJ12) gene expressed widely in cardiomyocytes and neurons, plays an important role in tumor therapy and muscle movement regulation. In this study, we detected the distribution of CNVs for KCNJ12 gene in 404 individuals belonging to four Chinese cattle breeds (NY, JX, JA and GF).

Novel copy number variation of the KLF3 gene is associated with growth traits in beef cattle.

Copy number variation (CNV) related to complex traits, such as disease and quantitative phenotype, is considered an important and wealthy source of genetic and phenotypic diversity. It suggests that the copy number variation of function gene maybe leads to the phenotypic changes. Kupple like factor 3 (KLF3) gene is a vital transcription factor associated with the growth and development of muscle and adipose tissue.

DNA methylation status of CRABP2 promoter down-regulates its expression.

As an important epigenetic modification DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methylation transferases (DNMTs) and occurs mainly in CpG islands. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulates gene expression, cell differentiation, genetic imprinting and tumor therapy. Retinoic acid-binding proteins (RAC) is vital for the absorption, transport, metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis of retinoic acid, which in turn regulates the differentiation and proliferation of cells by regulating the transcription of many target genes, therefore, these proteins influence differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes and muscle fibroblasts.

Genetic Variants in ADD1 Gene and their Associations with Growth Traits in Cattle.

The α-adducin (ADD1) is a subunit of adducin which is a cytoskeleton heterodimeric protein. Adducin participates in oocytes chromosome meiosis of mice, prompting adducin has an effect on embryonic development. Adducin gene mutation has significantly functional change.

Associations of GBP2 gene copy number variations with growth traits and transcriptional expression in Chinese cattle.

Copy number variations (CNVs) recently have been recognized as another important genetic variability followed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2) gene plays an important role in cell proliferation. This study was performed to determine the presence of GBP2 CNV (relative to Angus cattle) in 466 individuals representing six main cattle breeds from China, identify its relationship with growth, and explore the biological effects of gene expression.

Effects of genetic variants of the bovine WNT8A gene on nine important growth traits in beef cattle.

WNT-β-catenin-TCF pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and foetal development. As a member of the WNT gene family, Wnt8A encodes secreted signalling proteins and responds to many biological processes.However, similar research on the effects of genetic variations of Wnt8A gene on growth traits is lacking.

Comparative microRNAome analysis of the testis and ovary of the Chinese giant salamander.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-24 nucleotides non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional suppression of mRNA. The Chinese giant salamander (CGS, ), which is an endangered species, has become one of the important models of animal evolution; however, no miRNA studies on this species have been conducted. In this study, two small RNA libraries of CGS ovary and testis were constructed using deep sequencing technology.

Effect of Genetic Variations within the I-mfa Gene on the Growth Traits of Chinese Cattle.

I-mfa (inhibitor of the MyoD family a) is a transcription modulator that binds to MyoD family members and inhibits their transcriptional activities. It is highly expressed in the sclerotome and plays an important role in the patterning of the somite early in development. In this study, the polymorphisms of the bovine I-mfa gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA pool sequencing methods in 541 individuals from three Chinese cattle breeds.

Correlation between ZBED6 Gene Upstream CpG Island methylation and mRNA expression in cattle.

DNA methylation is essential for the regulation of gene expression and important roles in muscle development. To assess the extent of epigenetic modifications and gene expression on the differentially methylated region (DMR) in ZBED6, we simultaneously examined DNA methylation and expression in six tissues from two different developmental stages (fetal bovine and adult bovine). The DNA methylation pattern was compared using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA).

miR-30-5p Regulates Muscle Differentiation and Alternative Splicing of Muscle-Related Genes by Targeting MBNL.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of single stranded, small (~22 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs, play an important role in muscle development. We focused on the role of the miR-30-5p family during bovine muscle development from previous high-throughput sequencing results and analyzed their expression profiles. MHC and MyoG mRNAs expression as well as their proteins were suppressed in differentiated C2C12 cells, suggesting the importance of miR-30-5p in muscle development.

Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR identified four pivotal genetic variations in bovine PNPLA3 gene and its expression patterns.

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), a member of the patatin like phospholipase domain-containing (PNPLA) family, plays an important role in energy balance, fat metabolism regulation, glucose metabolism and fatty liver disease. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is a new method offering fast detection and extreme simplicity at a negligible cost for SNP genotyping. In this paper, we investigated the genetic variations at different ages of 660 Chinese indigenous cattle belonging to three breeds (QC, NY, JX) and applied T-ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods to genotype four SNPs, SNP1: g.

Haplotypes in the promoter region of the CIDEC gene associated with growth traits in Nanyang cattle.

Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c (CIDEC, also known as Fsp27) has emerged as an important regulator of metabolism associated with lipodystrophy, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. It is required for unilocular lipid droplet formation and optimal energy storage. The mechanism between this gene and livestock growth traits, however, has yet to be reported.

Exploring genotype-phenotype relationships of the LHX3 gene on growth traits in beef cattle.

The LIM-homeobox gene 3 (LHX3) plays an essential role in pituitary gland and nervous system development. Sequence variants (SVs) in coding and non-coding regions of LHX3 gene have an impact on LHX3 transcription and growth traits in cattle. Previously, we have identified 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: 1-3) in all exons and intron 2 regions of the LHX3 gene in cattle.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and their relationships with mRNA and the microRNA transcriptome in bovine muscle tissue (Bos taurine).

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in mammals and plays important roles in muscle development. We sampled longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) from a well-known elite native breed of Chinese Qinchuan cattle living within the same environment but displaying distinct skeletal muscle at the fetal and adult stages. We generated and provided a genome-wide landscape of DNA methylomes and their relationship with mRNA and miRNA for fetal and adult muscle studies.

Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR identifies the novel genetic variations of bovine HNF-4α gene associating with growth traits.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), a member of the hepatocyte nuclear factor family, plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in the development, differentiation and normal function of liver and pancreatic β cells, as well as the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is a new method offering fast detection and extreme simplicity at a negligible cost for SNP genotyping. In this paper, we characterize the polymorphisms of the bovine HNF-4α gene in three Chinese indigenous cattle breeds (n=660).

Transcription factor ZBED6 mediates IGF2 gene expression by regulating promoter activity and DNA methylation in myoblasts.

Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) is an important transcription factor in placental mammals, affecting development, cell proliferation and growth. In this study, we found that the expression of the ZBED6 and IGF2 were upregulated during C2C12 differentiation. The IGF2 expression levels were negatively associated with the methylation status in beef cattle (P < 0.

Characterisation of the genetic effects of the ADFP gene and its association with production traits in dairy goats.

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) is important for regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin secretion in beta-cells. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms within the caprine ADFP gene and determined its relationship with production traits. As there was no sequence information available for the caprine ADFP gene, we generated DNA sequence data and examined the genomic organisation.