Expression profile, molecular functions, and prognostic significance of miRNAs in primary colorectal cancer stem cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to drive the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) via the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We studied the miRNA expression profile of primary CSCs isolated from patients with CRC (pCRCSCs). Compared to pCRCSC-derived differentiated cells, 98 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in pCRCSCs.

The Role of HER2 in Self-Renewal, Invasion, and Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells.

Background: Deregulation of HER2 expression could affect the biological characteristics of gastric cancer cells and treatment option for gastric cancer patients. This research aims to investigate the impact of HER2 on biological characteristics of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Methods: HER2 knockdown in GCSCs were constructed by lentivirus transfection.

Peritoneal Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells of Gastric Cancer with Partial Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Enhanced Invasiveness in an Intraperitoneal Transplantation Model.

Objectives: This preliminary study is aimed at enriching and isolating peritoneal metastatic cancer stem cells (pMCSCs) of gastric cancer and assessing their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and invasiveness.

Methods: Cancer stem cells of human gastric cancer (CSC-hGC) were previously isolated and transfected with green fluorescent protein and luciferase genes to validate the mouse model of peritoneal metastasis established via transplantation. The first and second generations ([G1] and [G2], respectively) of pMCSCs were isolated from intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC (pMCSC-tGC) by spherical culture.

Targeting Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Confers Therapeutic Advantage of Ablative Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy Compared With Conventional Fractionated Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Ablative hypofractionated radiation therapy (AHFRT) presents a therapeutic advantage compared with conventional fractionated radiation therapy (CFRT) for primary and oligometastatic cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the immune alterations in response to AHFRT versus CFRT and examined the significance of immune regulations contributing to the efficacy of AHFRT.

A Bottleneck in Understanding Metastatic Cancer Stem Cell of Peritoneal Seeding from Gastric Cancer: A Null Result in Brief.

The capture of peritoneal metastatic cancer stem cell of human gastric cancer (pMCSC-hGC) is important to further understand the mechanism of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer patients. Previously, cancer stem cells (CSCs) of gastric and rectal cancers were captured and identified. However, the bottleneck of capturing pMCSC-hGC may be the scarce surgical specimen and limited volume of peritoneal metastatic lesions from gastric cancer.

Forced co-expression of IL-21 and IL-7 in whole-cell cancer vaccines promotes antitumor immunity.

Genetic modification of whole-cell cancer vaccines to augment their efficacies has a history of over two and a half decades. Various genes and gene combinations, targeting different aspects of immune responses have been tested in pursuit of potent adjuvant effects. Here we show that co-expression of two cytokine members of the common cytokine receptor γ-chain family, IL-21 and IL-7, in whole-cell cancer vaccines boosts antitumor immunity in a CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-dependent fashion.

Development-associated immunophenotypes reveal the heterogeneous and individualized early responses of adult B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) exhibits phenotypes reminiscent of normal stages of B-cell development. As demonstrated by flow cytometry, the immunophenotypes are able to determine the stages of B cell development. Multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is more accurate at identifying cell populations.

Clinical significance of putative markers of cancer stem cells in gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought as the source of tumor maintaining and many CSCs markers have been identified. Regarding the heterogeneity in gastric cancer (GC), TNM stage is not enough to accurately predict the prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of CSCs markers (Lgr5, Oct4, CD133, EpCAM, CD54 and Sox2) and establish a new model based on these markers to accurately predict prognosis of GC.

Associations between serum CA724 and HER2 overexpression among stage II-III resectable gastric cancer patients: an observational study.

Objectives: Associations between serum tumor biomarkers and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression among locally advanced gastric cancer patients were yet to be determined and therefore warranted investigation.

Results: A total of 318 patients were analyzed. The odds ratios of CA724 were 4.

The p70S6K Specific Inhibitor PF-4708671 Impedes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth.

Background: As a serine/threonine protein kinase, p70S6K plays an important role in tumor cells. Evidence has revealed overexpression of p70S6K and phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K) in various tumor tissues, with these proteins identified as independent prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we explored the role of the p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 in NSCLC.

Severe Hypoglycemia Caused by Recurrent Sarcomatoid Carcinoma in the Pelvic Cavity: A Case Report.

Nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by persistent, severe hypoglycemia in different tumor types of mesochymal or epithelial origin; however, NICTH is infrequently induced by sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC). Despite some sarcomatoid and epithelioid characteristics in few cases of malignancies from epithelium, NICTH induced by recurrent SC in pelvic cavity in this report is extremely rare.We report a case in which NICTH caused by recurrence and pulmonary metastases from SC in the pelvic cavity, and the computed tomography scan revealed multiple pelvic masses and multiple large masses in the pulmonary fields.

Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Are Associated With Prognosis of Gastric Cancer.

Immune cells contribute to determining the prognosis of gastric cancer. However, their exact role is less clear. We determined the prognostic significance of different immune cells in intratumoral tissue (T), stromal tissue (S), and adjacent normal tissue (N) of 166 gastric cancer cases and their interactions, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8, CD57+, CD68+, CD66b+, and Foxp3+ cells, and established an effective prognostic nomogram based on the immune reactions.

SNAILs promote G1 phase in selected cancer cells.

Cells can acquire a stem-like cell phenotype through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, it is not known which of the stem-like cancer cells are generated by these phenotype transitions. We studied the EMT-inducing roles of SNAILs (the key inducers for the onset of EMT) in selected cancer cells (lung cancer cell line with relatively stable genome), in order to provide more implications for the investigation of EMT-related phenotype transitions in cancer.

Overexpression of PROM1 (CD133) confers poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

The surface marker PROM1 is considered one of the most important marker of tumor-initiating cells, and its high expression is believed to be an adverse prognostic factor in gliomas, medulloblastoma and in other malignancies. The aims of our research were to explore the expression profile of the PROM1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess its possible role as a prognostic factor. The protein expression profiles were determined via immunohistochemical staining assay.

Immunohistochemical HER2 expression not associated with clinicopathological characteristics of stage I-III gastric cancer patients.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression with clinicopathological characteristics of resectable gastric cancer patients.

Methodology: A total of 394 stage I-III surgical gastric cancer patients who were detected of immunohistochemical (IHC) HER2 expression postoperatively were included in this retrospective study. Association of IHC HER2 over-expression (3+) rate with clinicopathological characteristics was tested by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Identification of immunophenotypic subtypes with different prognoses in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.

To analyze the differentiation characteristics of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, one nude mouse model, cell lines SNK6 and SNT8, and 16 fresh human samples were analyzed by flow cytometry immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry staining; and 115 archived cases were used for phenotypic detection and prognostic analysis. We found that CD25 was expressed by most tumor cells in all samples, and CD56(+)CD25(+) cells were the predominant population in the mouse model, the 2 cell lines, and 10 of the 16 fresh tumor samples; in the other 6 fresh tumor samples, the predominant cell population was of the CD16(+)CD25(+) phenotype, and only a minor population showed the CD56(+)CD25(+) phenotype. The phenotype detected by immunohistochemistry staining generally was consistent with the phenotype found by flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

The prognostic significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β expression in the vascular endothelial cells of colorectal cancer.

Objective: Currently, little is known regarding the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR β) in the vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PPAR β expression in the VECs of CRCs in terms of the prognosis and clinicopathological features of CRC patients.

Design: The expression and localization of PPAR β in the primary cancers and the matched normal mucosal samples of 141 Swedish CRC patients were analyzed in terms of its correlation with clinicopathological features and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes.

[Lumen morphogenesis and molecular mechanisms in tubular organs during zebrafish embryonic development].

A network tubular system is an important structure in the body and organ of metazoa. The lumen of tube is fundamental units in the structure, which serve to transport material, divide the organ into different functional compartments and separate the organ from the environment. The defects of lumen formation will lead to abnormalities of the organ morphogenesis and disorder of the function.

[Zebra fish cell movements during gastrulation].

During zebrafish gastrulation, large cellular rearrangements create the formation of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This process includes three types of conserved morphogenetic movement: epiboly, involution, and convergent extension. Specially, the anterior movement of prechordal plate progenitors is essential for the location and differentiation of mesendoderm progenitors, and the pechordal plate progenitors'coherent migration is thought to be a good model to study the mechanism of cell movement in vivo.

Prognostic value of cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CD133-positive gastric cancer and clinicopathological features and its impact on survival.

Methods: A search in the Medline and Chinese CNKI (up to 1 Dec 2011) was performed using the following keywords gastric cancer, CD133, AC133, prominin-1 etc. Electronic searches were supplemented by hand searching reference lists, abstracts and proceedings from meetings.

Ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy normalizes tumor vasculature in lewis lung carcinoma mice model.

Ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) significantly improves the overall survival of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with conventional radiation therapy. However, the radiobiological mechanisms of ablative HFRT remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes of tumor vessels and perfusion during and after ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Enhanced radioresponse with a novel recombinant human endostatin protein via tumor vasculature remodeling: experimental and clinical evidence.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of the novel recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) protein on tumor vasculature, and to explore and evaluate the optimal scheduling of rh-Endo and radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: Tumor-perfusion parameters and hypoxia were monitored after rh-Endo treatment in 10 non-small cell lung-cancer (NSCLC) patients. Eight-week female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive rh-Endo or control (saline) once daily for 12 days when Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) reached approximately 100-150 mm(3).

Individualized leukemia cell-population profiles in common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

Immunophenotype is critical for diagnosing common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) and detecting minimal residual disease. We developed a protocol to explore the immunophenotypic profiles of common ALL based on the expression levels of the antigens associated with B lymphoid development, including IL-7Rα (CD127), cytoplasmic CD79a (cCD79a), CD19, VpreB (CD179a), and sIgM, which are successive and essential for progression of B cells along their developmental pathway. Analysis of the immunophenotypes of 48 common ALL cases showed that the immunophenotypic patterns were highly heterogeneous, with the leukemic cell population differing from case to case.

Correlation between serum CA724 and gastric cancer: multiple analyses based on Chinese population.

Serum tumor biomarker carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) is noticeable for gastric cancer. Correlation between CA724 and gastric cancer was investigated based on Chinese population. Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database and PubMed were searched.