Seeded growth of single-crystal black phosphorus nanoribbons.

Two-dimensional materials have emerged as an important research frontier for overcoming the challenges in nanoelectronics and for exploring new physics. Among them, black phosphorus, with a combination of a tunable bandgap and high mobility, is one of the most promising systems. In particular, black phosphorus nanoribbons show excellent electrostatic gate control, which can mitigate short-channel effects in nanoscale transistors.

Relationship between trimethylamine N-oxide and the risk of hypertension in patients with cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis and dose-response relationship analysis.

Background: The gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has recently been recognized to be one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a scarcity of data on the relationship between circulating TMAO levels and hypertension in patients with CVD. Meta analysis and a dose-response relationship were used in this study to assess the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide levels and the risk of hypertension in patients with CVD.

Nonlinear transport and radio frequency rectification in BiTeBr at room temperature.

Materials showing second-order nonlinear transport under time reversal symmetry can be used for Radio Frequency (RF) rectification, but practical application demands room temperature operation and sensitivity to microwatts level RF signals in the ambient. In this study, we demonstrate that BiTeBr exhibits a giant nonlinear response which persists up to 350 K. Through scaling and symmetry analysis, we show that skew scattering is the dominant mechanism.

Tunable Fluorescence and Morphology of Aggregates Built from a Mechanically Bonded Amphiphilic Bistable [2]Rotaxane.

Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed Mechanically bonded amphiphiles (MBAs), also known as mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have emerged as an important kind of functional building block for the construction of artificial molecular machines and soft materials. Herein, a novel MBA, i. e.

An ultra-high vacuum system for fabricating clean two-dimensional material devices.

High mobility electron gases confined at material interfaces have been a venue for major discoveries in condensed matter physics. Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) technologies played a key role in creating such high-quality interfaces. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials brought new opportunities to explore exotic physics in flat lands.

Exploring Low Power and Ultrafast Memristor on p-Type van der Waals SnS.

Memristor devices that exhibit high integration density, fast speed, and low power consumption are candidates for neuromorphic devices. Here, we demonstrate a filament-based memristor using p-type SnS as the resistive switching material, exhibiting superlative metrics such as a switching voltage ∼0.2 V, a switching speed faster than 1.

Large-scale growth of few-layer two-dimensional black phosphorus.

Two-dimensional materials provide opportunities for developing semiconductor applications at atomistic thickness to break the limits of silicon technology. Black phosphorus (BP), as a layered semiconductor with controllable bandgap and high carrier mobility, is one of the most promising candidates for transistor devices at atomistic thickness. However, the lack of large-scale growth greatly hinders its development in devices.

Quantum anomalous Hall effect in intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBiTe.

In a magnetic topological insulator, nontrivial band topology combines with magnetic order to produce exotic states of matter, such as quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulators and axion insulators. In this work, we probe quantum transport in MnBiTe thin flakes-a topological insulator with intrinsic magnetic order. In this layered van der Waals crystal, the ferromagnetic layers couple antiparallel to each other; atomically thin MnBiTe, however, becomes ferromagnetic when the sample has an odd number of septuple layers.

High-temperature superconductivity in monolayer BiSrCaCuO.

Although copper oxide high-temperature superconductors constitute a complex and diverse material family, they all share a layered lattice structure. This curious fact prompts the question of whether high-temperature superconductivity can exist in an isolated monolayer of copper oxide, and if so, whether the two-dimensional superconductivity and various related phenomena differ from those of their three-dimensional counterparts. The answers may provide insights into the role of dimensionality in high-temperature superconductivity.

Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional FeGeTe.

Materials research has driven the development of modern nano-electronic devices. In particular, research in magnetic thin films has revolutionized the development of spintronic devices because identifying new magnetic materials is key to better device performance and design. Van der Waals crystals retain their chemical stability and structural integrity down to the monolayer and, being atomically thin, are readily tuned by various kinds of gate modulation.

Quantum Hall Effect in Electron-Doped Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors.

The advent of black phosphorus field-effect transistors (FETs) has brought new possibilities in the study of two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. In a black phosphorus FET, the gate induces highly anisotropic 2D electron and hole gases. Although the 2D hole gas in black phosphorus has reached high carrier mobilities that led to the observation of the integer quantum Hall effect, the improvement in the sample quality of the 2D electron gas (2DEG) has however been only moderate; quantum Hall effect remained elusive.

Discerning Black Phosphorus Crystal Orientation and Anisotropy by Polarized Reflectance Measurement.

Strong in-plane anisotropy of atomic layer and thin-film black phosphorus (P) offers new device perspectives and stimulates increasing interest and explorations, where precisely determining the black P crystal orientation and anisotropic axes is a necessity. Here, we demonstrate that the crystal orientation and intrinsic in-plane optical anisotropy of black P crystals in a broad thickness range (from ∼5 to ∼300 nm) can be directly and precisely determined, by polarized reflectance measurement alone, in visible range. Combining experiments with modeling of optical anisotropy and multilayer interference effects, we elucidate the underlying principles and validate these measurements.

Strain-Modulated Bandgap and Piezo-Resistive Effect in Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors.

Energy bandgap largely determines the optical and electronic properties of a semiconductor. Variable bandgap therefore makes versatile functionality possible in a single material. In layered material black phosphorus, the bandgap can be modulated by the number of layers; as a result, few-layer black phosphorus has discrete bandgap values that are relevant for optoelectronic applications in the spectral range from red, in monolayer, to mid-infrared in the bulk limit.

Spin injection and inverse Edelstein effect in the surface states of topological Kondo insulator SmB.

There has been considerable interest in exploiting the spin degrees of freedom of electrons for potential information storage and computing technologies. Topological insulators (TIs), a class of quantum materials, have special gapless edge/surface states, where the spin polarization of the Dirac fermions is locked to the momentum direction. This spin-momentum locking property gives rise to very interesting spin-dependent physical phenomena such as the Edelstein and inverse Edelstein effects.

Direct observation of the layer-dependent electronic structure in phosphorene.

Phosphorene, a single atomic layer of black phosphorus, has recently emerged as a new two-dimensional (2D) material that holds promise for electronic and photonic technologies. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the electronic structure of few-layer phosphorene varies significantly with the number of layers, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The interband optical transitions cover a wide, technologically important spectral range from the visible to the mid-infrared.

Quantum Hall effect in black phosphorus two-dimensional electron system.

The development of new, high-quality functional materials has been at the forefront of condensed-matter research. The recent advent of two-dimensional black phosphorus has greatly enriched the materials base of two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs). Here, we report the observation of the integer quantum Hall effect in a high-quality black phosphorus 2DES.

A metallic mosaic phase and the origin of Mott-insulating state in 1T-TaS2.

Electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions are two major driving forces that stabilize various charge-ordered phases of matter. In layered compound 1T-TaS2, the intricate interplay between the two generates a Mott-insulating ground state with a peculiar charge-density-wave (CDW) order. The delicate balance also makes it possible to use external perturbations to create and manipulate novel phases in this material.

The relationship of spectral sensitivity with growth and reproductive response in avian breeders (Gallus gallus).

A previous study demonstrated that birds that are exposed to light at night develop advanced reproductive systems. However, spectrum might also affect the photoperiodic response of birds. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of spectral composition on the growth and reproductive physiology of female breeders, using pure light-emitting diode spectra.

Quantum oscillations in a two-dimensional electron gas in black phosphorus thin films.

For decades, two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) have allowed important experimental discoveries and conceptual developments in condensed-matter physics. When combined with the unique electronic properties of two-dimensional crystals, they allow rich physical phenomena to be probed at the quantum level. Here, we create a 2DEG in black phosphorus--a recently added member of the two-dimensional atomic crystal family--using a gate electric field.

Gate-tunable phase transitions in thin flakes of 1T-TaS2.

The ability to tune material properties using gating by electric fields is at the heart of modern electronic technology. It is also a driving force behind recent advances in two-dimensional systems, such as the observation of gate electric-field-induced superconductivity and metal-insulator transitions. Here, we describe an ionic field-effect transistor (termed an iFET), in which gate-controlled Li ion intercalation modulates the material properties of layered crystals of 1T-TaS2.

[Stabilized thiomer PAA-Cys-6MNA].

The aimed of this study was to prepare stabilized thiomers to overcome the poor stability character of traditional thiomers. Poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine (PAA-Cys) was synthesized by conjugating cysteine with poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine-6-mercaptonicotinic acid (PAA-Cys-6MNA, stabilized thiomers) was synthesized by grafting a protecting group 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (6MNA) with PAA-Cys. The free thiol of PAA-Cys was determined by Ellmann's reagent method and the ratio of 6MNA coupled was determined by glutathione reduction method.

Black phosphorus field-effect transistors.

Two-dimensional crystals have emerged as a class of materials that may impact future electronic technologies. Experimentally identifying and characterizing new functional two-dimensional materials is challenging, but also potentially rewarding. Here, we fabricate field-effect transistors based on few-layer black phosphorus crystals with thickness down to a few nanometres.

In vitro antitumor activity and structure characterization of ethanol extracts from wild and cultivated Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae).

Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát has been traditionally used as a folk remedy for treatment of cancers, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Russia, Poland, and most of the Baltic countries, but natural reserves of this fungus have nearly been exhausted.

Morphology-controllable synthesis and characterization of hierarchical 3D Co1-xMnxO nanostructures.

Multirod and hierarchically spherical 3D Co(1-x)Mn(x)O (2/3 < or = x < or = 1) nanostructures have been successfully synthesized by the decomposition of acetylacetonate precursors. Their morphologies could be controlled through tuning the heat rating which affects the nucleation. The rods grew along [110] directions to reduce the appearance of high-energy crystallographic {110} planes.

Controlled synthesis and anomalous magnetic properties of relatively monodisperse CoO nanocrystals.

Monodisperse cobalt monoxide (CoO) nanocrystals ranging in size from 4.5 to 23 nm were prepared via the thermal decomposition of cobalt acetylacetonate (Co(acac)(2)) in oleylamine under vigorous stirring. The size control of the nanocrystals was achieved by tailoring the reaction temperature or by seed-mediated growth.