Microbial spectrum and drug resistance of pathogens cultured from gallbladder bile specimens of patients with cholelithiasis: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: Bacterial infection is an important cause of cholelithiasis or gallstones and interferes with its treatment. There is no consensus on bile microbial culture profiles in previous studies, and identified microbial spectrum and drug resistance is helpful for targeted preventive and therapeutic drugs in the perioperative period.

Aim: To analyze the bile microbial spectrum of patients with cholelithiasis and the drug susceptibility patterns in order to establish an empirical antibiotic treatment for cholelithiasis-associated infection.

Negative correlations between bile reflux gastritis and infection.

Objective: There are a few articles to study the relationship between bile reflux gastritis (BRG) and infection, and the results are debatable. This study set out to determine the relationship between BRG and () infection.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients from January, 1st 2013 to January, 1st, 2021 were divided into two groups based on whether they had BRG.