Spatiotemporal distribution, environmental correlation and health risk analysis of (Diptera: Culicidae) in Beijing, China.

The Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) is major vector of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, and this study aimed to uncover the vector's spatiotemporal distribution and environmental correlation in Beijing. In study area, the Remote Sensing (RS), Global Position System (GPS), and Geographic Information System (GPS) were used to clarify the distribution characteristics of vector on spatial and temporal scales, and regressions analysis of cross-sectional study was performed to detect the environmental factors linked with the density and presence of . In study area, the scenic area was the major environmental area for breeding of the vector, August was the primary peak month, the new urban development area (NUDA) was major distribution subarea of Beijing, and the vector could be detected throughout the subarea of Beijing from June to September.

The first apicoplast tRNA thiouridylase plays a vital role in the growth of .

Toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan is one of the most common parasitic diseases in humans and almost all warm-blooded animals. Lys, Glu, and Gln-specific tRNAs contain a super-modified 2-thiourea (sU) derivatives at the position 34, which is essential for all living organisms by maintaining the structural stability and aminoacylation of tRNA, and the precision and efficiency of codon recognition during protein translation. However, the enzyme(s) involved in this modification in remains elusive.

Hc-hrg-2, a glutathione transferase gene, regulates heme homeostasis in the blood-feeding parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.

Background: Haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding parasite, is constantly surrounded by large quantities of heme released from the catabolism of host red blood cells. To cope with the toxicity of free heme, H. contortus needs to uptake and detoxify the heme, a process believed to be paramount for parasite survival.

Effect of erythropoietin on the expression of dynamin-related protein-1 in rat renal interstitial fibrosis.

This study aimed to observe the expression of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) in the renal interstitium in a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In addition, the renoprotective effect of erythropoietin in this model was investigated. A total of 81 rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, UUO model and treatment groups.

Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial pathway mediates cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis in testes.

Cadmium (Cd) is associated with male infertility and poor semen quality in humans. Increasing evidence demonstrates that Cd induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in rodent animals. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis remain poorly understood.

Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that melatonin has an anti-apoptotic effect in somatic cells. However, whether melatonin can protect against germ cell apoptosis remains obscure. Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant and induces germ cell apoptosis.

Effects of maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnant period on testicular steroidogenesis in male offspring.

Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant and endocrine disruptor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal Cd exposure during the late pregnant period on testicular development and steroidogenesis in male offspring. Pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with CdCl(2) (0.

Gender-specific impairments on cognitive and behavioral development in mice exposed to fenvalerate during puberty.

In human and rodent models, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with the development of cognition and behaviors. Fenvalerate is a potential EDC. The purpose of this study was to examine whether pubertal fenvalerate exposure altered behavioral development.

Fenvalerate induces germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes through the Fas/FasL signaling pathway.

Fenvalerate has a potentially adverse effect on male reproduction and spermatogenesis, whereas the precise mechanism remains obscure. The present study investigated the effects of fenvalerate on germ cell apoptosis in testes. Adult male mice were administered with fenvalerate (15 or 60 mg/kg) by gavage for 28 days.

Effects of pubertal fenvalerate exposure on testosterone and estradiol synthesis and the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in the developing brain.

Fenvalerate is a potential endocrine disruptor. Several studies have demonstrated that fenvalerate disrupts testosterone (T) synthesis in testes. T and estradiol (E(2)) are de novo synthesized in the developing brain.

[The relationship of long-term school milk consumption and their attention, cognitive ability among children].

Objective: To evaluate the status of attention and cognitive ability among children who consumed school milk for relative long-term period.

Methods: From July to August 2009, a cluster of 435 children aged 10-12 year-old (including 188 boys and 247 girls) were sampled in Changsha, Hunan Province and divided into two groups, which were long-term milk-consumption group (the children drank school milk four times per week and continued for over one year or one to three times per week and continued for over three years, 220 cases) and seldom milk-consumption group (the others, 215 cases). Children's growth and anemia status were evaluated, the mental work ability index (IMC) was evaluated by Alimov searching table and both the attention and memory function of children were evaluated by clinical memory scale.

[The nutrition status of special population living in the areas affected by Wenchuan Earthquake after 3 months].

Objective: To investigate and analyze the nutritional status of infants, preschool and primary school students, pregnant and lactating women in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area after 3 months.

Methods: In August 2008, the nutritional and health status information of special population were collected and evaluated using the questionnaires, anthropometric and hemoglobin concentration measurements from four settlements of villages and towns in Mao and Mianzhu Country of Sichuan and Kang Country and Wudu District in Gansu provinces. A total of 236 infants aged below 36 months, 48 preschool children, 368 primary students, 32 pregnant women and 72 lactating women were investigated.

[The nutritional status among children under 60 months year-old after one year of the Earthquake in Wenchuan].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on the nutritional status, growth, and the prevalence nutritional anemia, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency among children under 60 months old living in the disaster areas.

Methods: A nutritional survey was conducted in April 2009. The survey recruited 466 under 60 months old children, including 162 children aged 0 months old and 304 children aged 24 - 59 months old.

[The nutritional status of reproductive women at one year after the disaster of Earthquake in Wenchuan].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on the nutritional status and the prevalence of nutritional anemia, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency among reproductive women (15 - 44 years old) in the disaster areas one year after the Earthquake.

Methods: A nutritional survey was conducted in 3 counties in April 2009, one year after the Earthquake. Two towns from each county were selected as study sites, and this survey recruited 58 pregnant, 66 lactating and 242 non-pregnant-non-lactating women.

Mitochondrial signaling pathway is also involved in bisphenol A induced germ cell apoptosis in testes.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine disruptor and testicular toxicant. An earlier study showed that BPA-induced germ cell apoptosis through the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the mitochondrial pathway is also involved in the process of BPA-mediated germ cell apoptosis in testes.

Maternal fenvalerate exposure during pregnancy persistently impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis in male offspring.

Fenvalerate, a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, has been associated with poor semen quality. As yet, little is known about the effects of prenatal fenvalerate exposure on testicular development. The present study investigated the effects of prenatal fenvalerate exposure on testicular development and spermatogenesis.

Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis in male mouse offspring.

Within the last decade, numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that endocrine disruptors are a possible cause for a decline in semen quality. Cypermethrin is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, but little is known about its potentially adverse effects on male reproduction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation on testicular development and spermatogenesis in male offspring.

Pubertal and early adult exposure to fenvalerate disrupts steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in mice at adulthood.

Fenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide, has been shown to have a potentially adverse effect on male reproduction. Our earlier study showed that maternal fenvalerate exposure during lactation impaired testicular development in male offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of pubertal and early adult exposure to fenvalerate on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in mice.

Pubertal cadmium exposure impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis via disrupting testicular testosterone synthesis in adult mice.

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known testicular toxicant. However, the effects of pubertal Cd exposure on testicular development and spermatogenesis remained to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of pubertal Cd exposure on testicular development and spermatogenesis.

Age- and gender-dependent impairments of neurobehaviors in mice whose mothers were exposed to lipopolysaccharide during pregnancy.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intrauterine infection has been associated with neurodevelopmental injury in rodents. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the dynamic changes of neurobehaviors in mice whose mothers were exposed to LPS during pregnancy. The pregnant mice were intraperitoneally (i.

Cypermethrin exposure during puberty disrupts testosterone synthesis via downregulating StAR in mouse testes.

Cypermethrin is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Previous studies showed that cypermethrin significantly decreased the fertility and reduced the number of implantation sites and viable fetuses in females impregnated by males exposed to cypermethrin. As yet, little is known about the mechanism of cypermethrin-induced reproductive toxicity.

Lactational fenvalerate exposure permanently impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis in mice.

Fenvalerate, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been associated with poor semen quality in human being. However, little is known about the effects of lactational fenvalerate exposure on testicular development and spermatogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of maternal fenvalerate exposure during lactation on testicular development and spermatogenesis in male offspring.

[Restraining degeneration of punctured intervertebral discs by transplantation of rabbit nucleus pulposus cells and marrow stroma cells].

Objective: To assess the ability of transplanted nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) and marrow stroma cells (MSC) in restraining the degeneration of punctured intervertebral discs in rabbits.

Methods: The passage 3 NPC and MSC were harvested for transplantation. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups: saline group (3), MSC group (6) and NPC group (6).

[Effects of different feeding patterns on body weight of perinatal women in rural area].

Objective: To study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.

Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively.