Double-stranded RNA induces antiviral transcriptional response through the Dicer-2/Ampk/FoxO axis in an arthropod.

Invertebrates mainly rely on sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) to resist viral infections. Increasing studies show that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can induce sequence-independent protection and that Dicer-2, the key RNAi player that cleaves long dsRNA into small interfering RNA (siRNA), is necessary for this protection. However, how this protection occurs remains unknown.

Modulation of host lipid metabolism by virus infection leads to exoskeleton damage in shrimp.

The arthropod exoskeleton provides protection and support and is vital for survival and adaption. The integrity and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton are often impaired after pathogenic infection; however, the detailed mechanism by which infection affects the exoskeleton remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the damage to the shrimp exoskeleton is caused by modulation of host lipid profiles after infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

[Clinical Value of Detecting ABL Kinase Domain Mutations in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and clinical value of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and Sanger sequencing in detecting ABL kinase domain mutations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: A total of 198 samples of 147 CML patients from July 2017 to March 2021 in Henan Cancer Hospital were collected and underwent high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing to detect the mutations in ABL kinase domain, and the relevant clinical data were collected for comparative analysis.

Results: The proportion of total mutations and ≥2 mutations detected by high-throughput sequencing were significantly higher than those detected by Sanger sequencing ( =0.

Ammonia stress-induced heat shock factor 1 enhances white spot syndrome virus infection by targeting the interferon-like system in shrimp.

Unlabelled: Disease emergence is the consequence of host-pathogen-environment interactions. Ammonia is a key stress factor in aquatic environments that usually increases the risk of pathogenic diseases in aquatic animals. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the enhancement of viral infection following ammonia stress remain largely unknown.

Seasonal variation characteristics and influencing factors of dissolved organic carbon of soil water in permafrost peatlands of the Great Hing'an Mountains in summer and autumn.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a crucial role in the assessment of greenhouse gas emission and carbon balance in peatlands. However, limited research has been conducted on the seasonal variations and properties of soil water DOC content at different depths in the permafrost peatlands of the Great Hing'an Mountains. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal patterns of soil water DOC contents (surface, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and permafrost layer) the permafrost peatlands of the Great Hing'an Mountains (Tuqiang Forestry Bureau), and investigated the influencing factors, such as electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, HCO concentration, pH value, oxidation-reduction potential, and CO content.

Modulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-affected macrophage efferocytosis by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in a murine model.

Objective: Efferocytosis dysfunction contributes to the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Efferocytosis is crucially modulated by intracytoplasmic Ca, and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex proteins serve as key channels for regulating Ca concentration. Therefore, it was speculated that MCU may affect the development of atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating efferocytosis.

Identification and characterization of a Reeler domain containing protein in provides new insights into antibacterial immunity in crustacean.

Crayfish, as an invertebrate, relies only on the innate immune system to resist external pathogens. In this study, a molecule containing a single Reeler domain was identified from red swamp crayfish (named as Reeler). Tissue distribution analysis showed that Reeler was highly expressed in gills and its expression was induced by bacterial stimulation.

PcEiger links the Imd/Relish pathway to ROS production in the intestine of the red swamp crayfish.

In the arthropod gut, commensal microbiota maintain the immune deficiency (Imd)/Relish pathway for expression of antimicrobial peptides, whereas pathogenic bacteria induce dual oxidase 2 (Duox2) for production of extracellular microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Imd/Relish pathway and the Duox2/ROS system are regarded as independent systems. Here, we report that these two systems are bridged by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ortholog PcEiger in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Mindin Activates Autophagy for Lipid Utilization and Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp.

Mindin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is involved in regulating cellular events through interacting with integrin. Studies have demonstrated its role in host immunity, including phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production. However, the function of Mindin in the host-virus interaction is largely unknown.

Conversion of drylands to paddy fields on former wetlands restores soil organic carbon by accumulating labile carbon fractions in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China.

Background: Since the 1990s, drylands have been extensively converted to rice paddy fields on the former wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China. However, the influence of this successiveland-use change from native wetlands to drylands to rice paddy fields on soil organic carbon (C) dynamics remains unexplored. Here, we compared the difference in soil organic C stock among native wetlands, drylands, and paddy fields, and then used a two-step acid hydrolysis approach to examine the effect of this land-use change on labile C I (LPI-C), labile C II (LPII-C), and recalcitrant C (RP-C) fractions at depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-50 cm.

Small immune effectors coordinate peptidoglycan-derived immunity to regulate intestinal bacteria in shrimp.

Small antibacterial effectors, including lysozymes, lectins, and antimicrobial peptides, are key regulators of intestinal immunity. However, whether there is coordination among them during regulation is an interesting, but largely unknown, issue. In the present study, we revealed that small effectors synergistically regulate peptidoglycan-derived intestinal immunity in the kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus.

Complement-related proteins in crustacean immunity.

As an important part of innate immune system, complement system is widely involved in defense response and immune regulation, and plays an important biological role. The complement system has been deeply studied. More than 30 complement-related molecules and three major complement-activation pathways have been identified in vertebrates.

High Expression of Heat Shock Protein Family D Member 1 Predicts Poor Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer.

Background: Heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 (HSPD1) has been reported as a potential survival-related biomarker in some cancers. However, the correlation between HSPD1 expression with prognosis and clinical features of esophageal cancer (EC) is poorly understood. Our research aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of HSPD1 expression in EC patients.

Cholesterylation of Smoothened is a calcium-accelerated autoreaction involving an intramolecular ester intermediate.

Hedgehog (Hh) is a morphogen that binds to its receptor Patched 1 and activates Smoothened (SMO), thereby governing embryonic development and postnatal tissue homeostasis. Cholesterol can bind and covalently conjugate to the luminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of human SMO at the D95 residue (D99 in mouse). The reaction mechanism and biological function of SMO cholesterylation have not been elucidated.

Shoc2 recognizes bacterial flagellin and mediates antibacterial Erk/Stat signaling in an invertebrate.

Flagellin is a key bacterial virulence factor that can stimulate molecular immune signaling in both animals and plants. The detailed mechanisms of recognizing flagellin and mounting an efficient immune response have been uncovered in vertebrates; however, whether invertebrates can discriminate flagellin remains largely unknown. In the present study, the homolog of human SHOC2 leucine rich repeat scaffold protein in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus), designated MjShoc2, was found to interact with Vibrio anguillarum flagellin A (FlaA) using yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays.

[Soil properties and microbial respiration activities of riparian forest wetland in the north of permafrost zone, the Great Hing'an Mountains, Northeast China].

Riparian wetlands in permafrost regions are critical regions for hydrological, ecological, and biochemical processes. We studied the soils of riparian and transition wetlands and analyzed physicochemical properties, stoichiometry, and microbial respiration activities (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial entropy, and metabolic entropy) of the humus layer and diffe-rent soil layers. The results showed that the main differentiation of soil physical and chemical pro-perties in riparian forest wetlands was below 20 cm.

Interferon functional analog activates antiviral Jak/Stat signaling through integrin in an arthropod.

Drosophila Vago is a small antiviral peptide. Its ortholog in Culex mosquito was found to be an interferon-like cytokine that limits virus replication through activating Jak/Stat signaling. However, this activation is independent of Domeless, the sole homolog of vertebrate type I cytokine receptor.

C-type lectin binds envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus and induces antiviral peptides in red swamp crayfish.

Previously a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) from kuruma shrimp was found able to recognize bacterial glycans by the C-type lectin domain (CTLD) and to interact with Jak/Stat receptor Domeless by the interleukin-like coiled coil (cc) region. In the current study, its homolog, namely Pc-ccCL, was found important in the antiviral response in red swamp crayfish . This PRR plays a role by inhibiting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in a Jak/Stat dependent manner.

MMP-10 rs17435959 Polymorphism is Associated with the Formation and Stability of Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) has a close relationship with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and cerebral infarction. The MMP-10 rs17435959 polymorphism causes a leucine to valine transition at codon 4 in exon 1 of the MMP-10 gene and may have functional effects.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the MMP-10 rs17435959 polymorphism and the formation and stability of CAS plaques.

Long non-coding RNA LNC_000641 regulates pseudorabies virus replication.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new arm of gene regulatory mechanism as discovered by sequencing techniques and follow-up functional studies. The lncRNAs regulation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection has rarely been reported so far. Using RNA sequencing analysis, 225 lncRNAs with significant altered expressions in 3D4/21 cells infected with PRV (ZJ01) were identified.

C-Type Lectin Maintains the Homeostasis of Intestinal Microbiota and Mediates Biofilm Formation by Intestinal Bacteria in Shrimp.

Intestinal microbiota are closely related to host physiology. Over the long course of evolution and interaction, both commensal bacteria and their host have evolved multiple strategies to adapt to each other. However, in invertebrates, the regulatory mechanism of intestinal microbiota homeostasis is largely unknown.

Autophagy Contributes to Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells.

Oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell (GC) death is a major cause of follicular atresia. As the major types of programmed cell death, autophagy and apoptosis have been observed in response to HO-mediated oxidative stress and have been demonstrated to be responsible for porcine GC death. To date, however, the cellular reactions linking autophagy to the apoptosis of porcine GC under oxidative stress are still poorly understood.

Hydroquinone inhibits PRV infection in neurons in vitro and in vivo.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Due to the emergence of PRV mutant strains in recent years, vaccines can't completely prevent and control PRV infection. Therefore, research and development of new vaccines and drugs with inhibitory effects on PRV are of great significance in the prevention and treatment of PR.