A viral protein activates the MAPK pathway to promote viral infection by downregulating callose deposition in plants.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved in both plants and animals and play critical roles in activating innate immunity to defend against various pathogens. However, the role of MAPK cascades in positively regulating or enhancing viral infections in plants is unclear. In this study, we investigate the involvement of MAPK cascades in infection by the positive-strand RNA virus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV).

Pepper vein yellow virus P0 protein triggers NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR mediated hypersensitive response.

P0 proteins encoded by the pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) are pathogenic factors that cause hypersensitive response (HR). However, the host gene expression related to PeVYV P0-induced HR has not been thoroughly studied. Transcriptomic technology was used to investigate the host pathways mediated by the PeVYV P0 protein to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its function.

CPm protein is a pathogenicity determinant and suppresses host local RNA silencing induced by single-stranded RNA.

Introduction: s (ToCV) is a typical member of the genus , which severely threatens crops worldwide. The CPm protein encoded by ToCV has been reported to be associated with virus transmission by vectors and is involved in RNA silencing suppression, while the mechanisms remain ambiguous.

Methods: Here, ToCV was ectopically expressed by a (PVX) vector and infiltrated into wild-type and GFP-transgenic16c plants.

Low-Temperature Oxidation of Toluene over MnO-CeO Nanorod Composites with High Sinter Resistance: Dual Effect of Synergistic Interaction on Hydrocarbon Adsorption and Oxygen Activation.

Synergistic interaction derived by a heterointerface structure on the surface of metal oxide catalysts has a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity. In this work, MnO nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of CeO nanorods to generate a MnO-CeO heterointerface structure, and its effect on toluene adsorption and catalytic oxidation performance was investigated. The results show that MnO is well dispersed on CeO nanorods, and the interaction of Mn-Ce significantly reduces the strength of the Ce-O bond and increases the conversion of Ce to Ce, which further promotes the activation of oxygen.

First evidence showing that Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein is a movement protein.

Background: Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (PD) to infect new cells. To overcome the PD barrier, plant viruses have developed specific protein(s) to guide their genomic RNAs or DNAs to path through the PD.

Results: In the present study, we analyzed the function of Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein.

The NIa-Protease Protein Encoded by the Is a Pathogenicity Determinant and Releases DNA Methylation of .

It is well documented that the canonical function of NIa-protease (NIa-Pro) of the potyviruses is responsible for cleaving the viral polyprotein into functional proteins. Although NIa-Pro is vital for the infection cycle of potyviruses, the function of NIa-Pro in the interaction of the potyvirus host is not clear. In this study, NIa-Pro is ectopically expressed from a (PVX) vector and infiltrates wild type and 16-TGS.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of laser-imploded targets from simulated pinhole images.

This paper proposes an integral method to achieve a more accurate weighting matrix that makes very positive contributions to the image reconstruction in inertial confinement fusion research. Standard algebraic reconstruction techniques with a positivity constraint included are utilized. The final normalized mean-square error between the simulated and reconstructed projection images is 0.

[Research on the method of transient spectrum detection based on array CCD].

Based on the characteristic of high speed line scanning for CCD in transient spectrum detection, a method of transient spectrum detection with array CCD is presented. The high speed line scanning with array CCD was realized by changing the mode of charge transfer. In order to explore the feasibility of this method, a fast detection system of single point based on linear CCD was designed and fabricated.

[Main bacterial groups in banana soil under rotated and continuous cropping].

Banana wilt is the main disease in banana production, while banana-leek rotation can effectively control the occurrence of the disease. In order to understand the variations of soil bacterial groups under banana-leek rotation and banana continuous cropping, soil samples under these two cropping systems were collected to extract crude DNA, and the bacterial 16S rDNA in V3 region was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were then separated by DGGE, and the main different bands were sequenced and compared with the records of NCBI to identify the germs.