Regulation of intestinal tissue‑resident memory T cells: a potential target for inflammatory bowel disease.

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are populations which settle down in non-lymphoid tissues instead of returning to secondary lymph organs after the antigen presentation. These cells can provide rapid on-site immune protection as well as long-term tissue damage. It is reported that TRM cells from small intestine and colon exhibited distinctive patterns of cytokine and granzyme expression along with substantial transcriptional and functional heterogeneity.

Associations of sociodemographic and smoking characteristics with intention to quit among Chinese adults aged 20-69 years who smoke: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19.

Objective: To identify factors influencing the intention to quit (ItQ) among Chinese who smoke, focusing on 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Nicotine dependence. Additionally, to estimate the number of individuals with ItQ, supporting optimal allocation of cessation resources.

Methods: This study used data from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with 20,288 participants who smoke currently aged 20-69 years.

Preparation and Evaluation of a Novel Branched Polymer as Thickener for Calcium Chloride-Based Drilling and Completion Fluids.

Calcium halide-based fluids are often used in drilling and completion operations due to their high density, clay inhibition and low solid content. However, there is a lack of thickeners to promote gel strength, which improves the fluid's capacity to carry and suspend cuttings. To solve this problem, the branched polymer (hereafter abbreviated as PAD-B) was prepared by the copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), using polyethylenimine as a branching agent and cerium ammonium nitrate as the initiator.

Immunotherapy in operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of efficacy between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and perioperative immunotherapy.

Background: A series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the promising prospect of immunotherapy in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further changed the clinical practice. However, current studies still yet to answer which immunotherapy mode is the optimal strategy, and there is currently a lack of direct comparison between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and perioperative immunotherapy ("sandwich mode", including neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy). Thus, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and perioperative immunotherapy.

Effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

High blood lipids, blood glucose, or blood pressure ("3Bs") are established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of vegetarian diets on these parameters were inconsistent in previous meta-analyses. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with comprehensive subgroup analyses, quality assessment, and sensitivity analyses to confirm the effects of vegetarian diets on 3Bs.

Immunogenicity and safety of two-dose or three-dose regimens of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of two-dose regimen of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and explored the potential benefits of additional dose.

Research Design And Methods: In total, 182 PTB patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to the standard-dose group to receive three standard doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, or the double-dose boosting group to receive two standard doses plus a double dose, with a 28-day interval. Forty healthy controls were assigned to receive two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines 28 days apart.

Causal associations between the insulin-like growth factor family and sarcopenia: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is closely associated with sarcopenia, yet the causal relationship of this association remains unclear. This study aims to explore the potential causal relationship between members of the IGF family and sarcopenia from a genetic perspective through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two-sample datasets.

Methods: Five genetically predicted factors of the IGF family (IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-7) as one sample, while four relevant features of sarcopenia (low hand grip strength, appendicular lean mass, whole body fat-free mass, and walking pace) as another sample, in conducting a two-sample MR analysis.

Costs of Care in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease Severity in Sweden: A National Registry-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) has demanded the economic evaluation of such interventions. Resource utilization and cost estimates in early AD and, more specifically, the amyloid-positive population are still lacking. We aimed to provide cost estimates in AD in relation to disease severity and compare these with the control population.

Relationships between altitude and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

Background: Previous studies have consistently documented positive associations between depressive symptoms and altitude; however, a longitudinal study of these relationships among middle-aged and older adult community populations in China has not been previously reported.

Methods: We screened 17,705 subjects who met the inclusion criteria from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database 2011. The altitude is the altitude at which the participants lived in our study area.

The edge artifact extraction method for SiN ceramic bearing rolling element microcracks characterization.

Aiming at the problem that the edge artifacts of SiN ceramic bearing rolling element microcracks have low contrast, contain noise, and easily merge with the background, making it difficult to segment. A method based on 2D discrete wavelet transform and Otsu threshold segmentation is designed to achieve the extraction of microcrack edge artifact features. Wavelet decomposition is used to remove noise, while wavelet reconstruction features are used to restore lost details.

Supramolecular Luminescent Copper-Nanocluster-Based Dough with Excellent Electrical Conductivity Sensing Properties.

In recent years, the rapid advancement of flexible conductive materials has significantly increased the demand for dough materials that offer high flexibility and conductivity for diverse applications. Here, we developed a flexible, stretchable, and self-healing dough utilizing hydrogen-bonding interactions between glutathione-stabilized copper nanoclusters (GSH-Cu NCs) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The dough materials can be kneaded, readily reshaped, and further processed to create bulk materials of arbitrary form factors.

Economic evaluation of acupuncture in treating patients with pain and mental health concerns: the results of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact have heightened the risk of mental health and pain-related issues. The integration of acupuncture with conventional medicine shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for these conditions. The Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project (ABCHIP) aimed to provide acupuncture to youth (aged 24 and under) and seniors (aged 55 and above) experiencing chronic pain, pain management issues, mental health issues, and/or related conditions.

Fluoropolymer-Gadolinium(III) Hybrids for Photoactivatable Dual-Mode -Weighted H MRI and F MRI Contrast Agents.

Multimodal imaging probes play a crucial role in overcoming the limitations associated with single-mode imaging for clinical medical diagnosis. This study focuses on the development of a photoresponsive fluorine-containing water-soluble polymer () through RAFT polymerization. Subsequently, a polymer-gadolinium(III) hybrid () dual-modal probe capable of -weighted H MRI and F MRI was synthesized via postmodification of with a Gd-DOTA derivative.

Heat-Excitation-Based Triboelectric Charge Promotion Strategy.

The surface charge decay is observed at high temperatures due to thermionic emission, which, however, may not be the only mechanism contributing to the surface charge variation. Here, a triboelectric charge promotion strategy due to the heat-excitation effect of hot electrons near the fermi level is demonstrated, while the final charge is determined by the balance between thermionic emission and the heat-excitation effect. It is demonstrated that metals with lower work function exhibit a better heat excitation capability, and polymers with lower fluorine content in molecule chains further boost the charge output, where metal/Kapton pairs demonstrated a charge promotion of over 2 times at the temperature of 383 K with good durability during 90 min measurement.

Exploring mismatch negativity in children with congenital Microtia-Atresia: A Preliminary study.

Background: To investigate the characteristics of mismatch negativity (MMN) in terms of latency and amplitude in children with bilateral congenital microtia using a Bone conduction implant (Bonebridge), and to explore the relationship between cortical level auditory discrimination, speech perception, and psychosocial well-being.

Methods: This descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study compared three groups: eight children with bilateral congenital microtia and Bonebridge implants (bilateral group), eight children with unilateral congenital microtia and no hearing aids (unilateral group), and eight children with normal hearing (NH group). Participants underwent MMN evaluation using a classic oddball paradigm with a pure tone burst stimulus, featuring a 1000 Hz standard stimulus and a 1200 Hz deviant stimulus, presented in a sound field at 65 dBHL.

App review driven collaborative bug finding.

Software development teams generally welcome any effort to expose bugs in their code base. In this work, we build on the hypothesis that mobile apps from the same category (e.g.

Cu/Gd co-doped hydroxyapatite/poly lactic-co-glycolic acid composites enhance MRI imaging and bone defect regeneration.

The hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) composite material is a widely used orthopedic implant due to its excellent biocompatibility and plasticity. Recent advancements in cation doping have expanded its potential biological applications. However, conventional HA/PLGA composites are not visible under X-rays post-implantation and have limited osteogenic induction capabilities.

Avoidable Hospitalizations in Frail Older Adults: The Role of Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Care-Related Factors.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between frailty and avoidable hospitalization risk, and the moderating role of sociodemographic, clinical, and care-related factors.

Design: Longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Setting And Participants: A total of 3168 community-dwelling individuals, aged ≥60 years, from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K).

Effectiveness of acupuncture in treating patients with pain and mental health concerns: the results of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project.

Background: This study presents real-world evidence on the clinical outcomes of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project (ABCHIP), which utilized acupuncture to address pain and mental health issues in two vulnerable populations in Alberta: youth (aged 24 and below) and elderly (aged 55 and above).

Methods: Over 282 days, a total of 606 patients received 5,424 acupuncture treatments. Tailored to each patients' specific pain and mental health concerns, an individualized treatment plan was selected, following a standard treatment protocol lasting 1 to 3 months.