Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals With Diabetes or Prediabetes.

Sarcopenia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, but the impact of changes in sarcopenia status on CVD risk remains unclear. This study aimed to examine how changes in sarcopenia status between baseline and the second follow-up survey, conducted 2 years later, influence the risk of developing incident CVD. Incident CVD was identified based on self-reported physician diagnoses of heart disease, such as angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke.

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: We aimed to investigate global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We summarized the results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to derive the disease burden of CKD by considering four distinct types of epidemiological data, namely incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The Joinpoint regression analysis, which is skilled in calculating annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), was used to estimate global trends for CKD from 1990 to 2021.

Performance and efficiency of machine learning models in analyzing capillary serum protein electrophoresis.

Background And Objective: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) plays a critical role in diagnosing diseases associated with M-proteins. However, its clinical application is limited by a heavy reliance on experienced experts.

Methods: A dataset comprising 85,026 SPEP outcomes was utilized to develop artificial intelligence diagnostic models for the classification and localization of M-proteins.

Comparison of Self-repair Disparities in Articular Cartilage Defect Models With Various Load-bearing Sites.

This study aimed to explore the construction of experimental animal models replicating cartilage defects across diverse load-bearing sites, compare self-repair conditions, and examine the role of mechanical stimulation in cartilage self-repair. Experimental animal models were established in rabbits to simulate full-thickness cartilage defects without penetrating the subchondral bone, at various load-bearing sites, including the posterior femoral condyle, anterior femoral condyle and femoral trochlear of knee joint, and the humerus of the shoulder joint. The successful exposure and construction of cartilage defects at the anterior femoral condyle, femoral trochlear, and posterior femoral condyle through the medial extension of surgical incision.

A GALNT3 mutation causing Hyperphosphatemic familial Tumoral calcinosis.

Unlabelled: Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis (HFTC) is an autosomal recessive disorder. This study investigates the etiology of HFTC in offspring from consanguineous parents.

Methods: Clinical assessment, imaging, and direct sequencing were utilized to elucidate the condition.

Grape seed extract prevents oestrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.

Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to have the potential to protect bones, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The current study aims to explore GSE's preventive and therapeutic impact on bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency and the underlying mechanism through the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolomic responses. In oestrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice, GSE ameliorated bone loss by inhibiting the expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), restoring BMAT lipolysis and promoting bone formation.

DDIT3 aggravates TMJOA cartilage degradation via Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3-mediated autophagy.

Objective: DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), as a downstream transcription factor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, is reported to regulate chondrogenic differentiation under physiological and pathological state. However, the specific involvement of DDIT3 in the degradation of condylar cartilage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is unclarified.

Design: The expression patterns of DDIT3 in condylar cartilage from monosodium iodoacetate-induced TMJOA mice were examined to uncover the potential role of DDIT3 in TMJOA.

Higher prevalence of thyroid-specific autoantibodies (TPOAb and TgAb) is related to a higher prevalence of fractures in females: results from NHANES 2007-2010.

Unlabelled: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the NHANES. Bone mineral density (BMD) was compared in different thyroid-specific autoantibodies groups. Strengths of associations were calculated by using binary logistic regression models.

Bone marrow adipocytes and lung cancer bone metastasis: unraveling the role of adipokines in the tumor microenvironment.

Bone is a common site of metastasis for lung cancer. The "seed and soil" hypothesis suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment ("soil") may provide a conducive survival environment for metastasizing tumor cells ("seeds"). The bone marrow microenvironment, comprising a complex array of cells, includes bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), which constitute about 70% of the adult bone marrow volume and may play a significant role in tumor bone metastasis.

[Impact of lithocholic acid on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation balance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells].

Objective: To Investigate the effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Methods: Twelve 10-week-old SPF C57BL/6J female mice were randomly divided into an experimental group (undergoing bilateral ovariectomy) and a control group (only removing the same volume of adipose tissue around the ovaries), with 6 mice in each group. The body mass was measured every week after operation.

Pathological roles of bone marrow adipocyte-derived monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in type 2 diabetic mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a prevalent public health concern, with beta-cell dysfunction involved in its pathogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases in both the quantity and area in individuals with T2DM along with heightened monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion. This study aims to investigate the influence and underlying mechanisms of MCP-1 originating from bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) on systemic glucose homeostasis in T2DM.

Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential.

Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events.

Pituitary Apoplexy-associated Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Purpose: This is a case report of a patient experiencing hyponatremia who was ultimately diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy-associated cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS).

Methods: Laboratory tests, clinical evaluations, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed by specialists.

Findings: The patient presented with severe headache, thirst, and polyuria.

The unique role of bone marrow adipose tissue in ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice.

Background: Accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is always seen in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon by establishing a mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy (OVX)-mimicked estrogen deficiency.

Methods: Micro-CT, osmium tetroxide staining, and histological analyses were performed to examine the changes in bone microstructure, BMAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) in OVX mice compared to sham mice.

Thyroid-Related Hormones Changes Predict Changes in Anthropometric Measures and Incidence of Obesity in Chinese Euthyroid Persons.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of thyroid-related hormones changes within the reference range with the changes in anthropometric measures and incidence of obesity. The study included 4850 subjects with normal thyroid-related hormones at baseline and at follow-up. We evaluated the relationship of changes in thyroid-related biomarkers with anthropometric measures changes and incidence of obesity.

The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer metastasis.

Breast cancer deaths are primarily caused by metastasis. There are several treatment options that can be used to treat breast cancer. There are, however, a limited number of treatments that can either prevent or inhibit the spread of breast tumor metastases.

Efficacy and Safety of intravenous monoclonal antibodies in patients with moderate-to-severe active Graves'ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Backgrounds: The effects of various treatments on Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) have been studied. As monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been proposed for the treatment of moderate to severe GO, direct comparisons between different mAbs are lacking.We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to objectively compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous mAbs.

The role and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in alcohol-induced bone loss.

Aim: It is well known that alcohol can cause bone loss and that bone mineral density has an inverse relationship with bone marrow adipocyte (BMA). However, little is known about the mechanisms that link alcohol and bone loss, and existing studies lack data on BMA in alcohol-induced bone loss. Here, wild-type (WT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha knockout (TNF-α KO) mice were used to examine the effects of alcohol on bone metabolism.

Vitamin D inhibits bone loss in mice with thyrotoxicosis by activating the OPG/RANKL and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Objective: Vitamin D and thyroid hormones have crucial roles in bone metabolism. This study aims to explore the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism in mice with thyrotoxicosis and its mechanisms.

Methods: 12-week-old mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (6 mice/group), the control (CON) group, vitamin D (VD) group, low-dose LT4 (Low LT4) group, low-dose LT4+VD (Low LT4+VD) group, high-dose LT4 (High LT4) group, high-dose LT4+VD (High LT4+VD) group, LT4 was provided every day and vitamin D3 every other day for 12 weeks.

Moxibustion as adjuvant therapy for preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Postmenopausal osteoporosis, caused by ageing and oestrogen deficiency, seriously threatens women's physical and mental health. Postmenopausal osteopenia is the transition from healthy bone to osteoporosis, and it may be the key period for preventing bone loss. Moxibustion, a physical therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has potential benefits for osteoporosis treatment and prevention, but it has not been adequately studied.

Inhibition of the B7-H3 immune checkpoint limits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing T lymphocyte-mediated immune cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose: The interaction between tumor cells and immune system in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Great clinical achievements have progressed in HCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for programmed death-1 and its ligands. However, response efficacy for these therapies is limited, thereby requiring alternative ICI candidates for HCC treatment.

How does Hashimoto's thyroiditis affect bone metabolism?

Bone marrow contains resident cellular components that are not only involved in bone maintenance but also regulate hematopoiesis and immune responses. The immune system and bone interact with each other, coined osteoimmunology. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases which is accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration.