Illustration of a number of atypical computed tomography manifestations of active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is a serious public health challenge facing mankind and one of the top ten causes of death. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role, particularly for the diagnosis and treatment planning of tuberculosis patients with negative microbiology results. This article illustrates a number of atypical computed tomography (CT) appearances of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), including (I) clustered micronodules (CMNs) sign; (II) reversed halo sign (RHS); (III) tuberculous pneumatocele; (IV) hematogenously disseminated PTB with predominantly diffuse ground glass opacity manifestation; (V) hematogenously disseminated PTB with randomly distributed non-miliary nodules; (VI) PTB changes occur on the background of emphysema or honeycomb changes of interstitial pneumonia; and (VII) PTB manifesting as organizing pneumonia.

Prevalence and risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Dalian, China.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Dalian, China. Methods This was a retrospective review of data from patients attending a TB clinic in Dalian, China between 2012 and 2015. Demographic and drug susceptibility data were retrieved from TB treatment cards.

The Impact of Directly Observed Therapy on Preventive Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Students in Dalian, China.

Preventive treatment has an essential effect on latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) [purified protein derivative (PPD) induration ⋝ 15 mm]. Between 2010 and 2013, there were 6 tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in the universities in Dalian, China. So far, in Dalian, the directly observed therapy (DOT) and full course management (FCM) were widely used in the preventive treatment of LTBI.

[Evaluation of tuberculin skin test conversion and interferon-gamma release assay in diagnosis of tuberculosis infection].

Objective: To compare PPD conversion with γ-interferon release assay (IGRA) in determining the newly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection during a TB outbreak.

Methods: The 505 subjects exposed to a TB outbreak were divided into 3 groups based upon the induration diameters of PPD before the outbreak. The changes of PPD induration diameters were observed in different groups, and correlation between PPD conversion or IGRA and exposure levels were analyzed by logistic regression.