[Protective effect of shenfu injection pretreatment on brain of patients receiving aortic valve replacement undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass].

Objective: To observe the protective effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) pretreatment on brain of patients receiving aortic valve replacement (AVR) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Thirty AVR patients undergoing CPB were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the control group and the experimental group, 15 cases in each group. SFI at 1.

Dual isoflurane-induced preconditioning improves neuroprotection in rat brain in vitro and the role of extracellular signal--regulated protein kinase.

Objective: To test the ability of isoflurane-induced preconditioning against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in vitro.

Methods: Rat hippocampal slices were exposed to 1 volume percentage (vol%), 2vol% or 3vol% isoflurane respectively for 20 minutes under normoxic conditions (95% O₂/5% CO₂) once or twice (12 slices in each group) before OGD, with 15-minute washout after each exposure. During OGD experiments, hippocampus slices were bathed with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) lacking glucose and perfused with 95% N₂ and 5% CO₂ for 14 minutes, followed by a 30-minute reperfusion in normal ACSF.

Duplicate preconditioning with sevoflurane in vitro improves neuroprotection in rat brain via activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase.

Objective: Sevoflurane preconditioning has been demonstrated to reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Besides, different protocols would usually lead to different results. The objective of this study was to determine whether dual exposure to sevoflurane improves the effect of anesthetic preconditioning against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in vitro.

Endoscopic ultrasonography in preoperative staging of gastric cancer: determination of tumor invasion depth, nodal involvement and surgical resectability.

Aim: Current study was aimed to evaluate the usefulness of EUS in TNM staging of gastric cancer by comparing EUS preoperative staging with pathological findings, and the preliminary exploration of possible reasons for overstaging and understaging phenomenon was especially intended.

Methods: A total of 35 patients with histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma were referred to EUS and staged preoperatively by using the TNM system. The preoperative endosonographic results were compared with the histopathological staging.