Self-adaptable HAc/NaAc buffer system enhanced biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of cellulose.

ThepHdecrease caused by potential accumulation and dissociation of organic acidsis considereda major challenge hindering stable and constant operation in hydrogen production. In this study, a self-adaptableHAc/NaAc buffer system was investigated based on batch dark fermentation hydrogen production (DFHP) metabolic typesto controlthe pH of fermentation process. Resultsshowedthat increasing substrate concentration resulted in lower H production yield, especially when the substrate concentration exceeded 10 g/L.

Reductive transformation of the insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine by different iron-based reactive minerals.

Nitroguanidine (NQ) is an emerging contaminant being used by the military as a constituent of new insensitive munitions. NQ is also used in rocket propellants, smokeless pyrotechnics, and vehicle restraint systems. Its uncontrolled transformation in the environment can generate toxic and potentially mutagenic products, posing hazards that need to be remediated.

Fate of bis-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-iodonium under photolithography relevant irradiation and the environmental risk properties of the formed photoproducts.

Aryl-iodonium salts are utilized as photoacid generators (PAGs) in semiconductor photolithography and other photo-initiated manufacturing processes. Despite their utilization and suspected toxicity, the fate of these compounds within the perimeter of semiconductor fabrication plants is inadequately understood; the identification of photolithography products is still needed for a comprehensive environmental impact assessment. This study investigated the photolytic transformation of a representative iodonium PAG cation, bis-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-iodonium, under conditions simulating industrial photolithography.

Analysis of hydrophilic per- and polyfluorinated sulfonates including trifluoromethanesulfonate using solid phase extraction and mixed-mode liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Ultra-hydrophilic per- and polyfluorinated sulfonates (PFSA) are increasingly scrutinized in recent years due to their ubiquitous occurrence, persistence, and aqueous mobility in the environment, yet analysis remains a challenge. This study developed methods for the analysis of trifluoromethanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, 10-camphorsulfonate, and a di-fluorinated sulfonate utilizing mixed-mode liquid chromatography, where all analytes were adequately retained and separated. Chromatography and electrospray ionization parameters were optimized; instrumental limits of quantification for the anionic target analytes were in the range of 4.

The relationship of CCL4, BCL2A1, and NFKBIA genes with premature aging in women of Yin deficiency constitution.

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) defined constitution as a health statue or physical fitness that determines individual susceptibility to diseases. Yin deficiency constitution (YinDC) is a type of constitution closely related to aging. Previous studies found that the characteristic genes of YinDC are part of the inflammatory aging signaling pathways (e.

Bioconcentration potential and microbial toxicity of onium cations in photoacid generators.

Despite the widespread utilization of onium salts as photoacid generators (PAGs) in semiconductor photolithography, their environmental, health, and safety (EHS) properties remain poorly understood. The present work reports the bioconcentration potential of five representative onium species (four sulfonium and one iodonium compound) by determining the octanol-water partition coefficient (P) and lipid membrane affinity coefficient (K); microbial toxicity was evaluated using the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox bioassay). Four of the oniums exhibited varying degrees of hydrophobic (lipophilic) partitioning (log P: 0.

Sunlight-induced phototransformation of transphilic and hydrophobic fractions of Suwannee River dissolved organic matter.

Sunlight-induced chemical changes of both transphilic (SWR-TPH) and hydrophobic (SWR-HPO) fractions of Suwannee River dissolved organic matter (DOM) were followed by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Irradiated SWR-TPH exhibited increase of chemodiversity, loss of some aromatic compounds, and almost no change in terms of average values of m/z, O/C and double bond equivalents (DBE). Irradiated SWR-HPO showed decrease of chemodiversity, average values of m/z, O/C and DBE.

Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical from algal organic matter.

Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical (·OH) from algal organic matter (AOM) collected from Lake Torrens in South Australia was examined using a sunlight simulator. The two AOM isolates featured lower molecular weight, lower chromophoric content, and lower SUVA (0.7 and 0.

Excited Triplet State Interactions of Fluoroquinolone Norfloxacin with Natural Organic Matter: A Laser Spectroscopy Study.

In sunlit waters, the fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is significantly impacted by photodegradation. The mechanism of how natural organic matter (NOM) participates in the reaction has been frequently studied but still remains unclear. In this work, the interactions between the excited triplet state of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR*) and a variety of NOM extracts were investigated using time-resolved laser spectroscopy.

The characteristics of organic matter influence its interfacial interactions with MnO and catalytic oxidation processes.

The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties on its interfacial interactions with MnO and on catalytic oxidation processes was studied by Time-Resolved Dynamic Light Scattering (TR-DLS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) under varied solution conditions. Four DOM fractions of different characteristics (e.g.

Characterisation of dissolved organic matter using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Type-specific unique signatures and implications for reactivity.

This study investigated the chemodiversity and unique signatures for dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different types of water using high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Eight freshwater hydrophobic DOM (HPO) share 10-17% formulas that were mainly lignin-like compounds. Unique signatures were synthesized: unique to the high-humic HPO (Suwannee River and Blavet River) were condensed aromatic and some aliphatic compounds with H/C > 1.

Survival of antibiotic resistant bacteria following artificial solar radiation of secondary wastewater effluent.

Urban wastewater treatment plant effluents represent one of the major emission sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural aquatic environments. In this study, the effect of artificial solar radiation on total culturable heterotrophic bacteria and ARB (including amoxicillin-resistant, ciprofloxacin-resistant, rifampicin-resistant, sulfamethoxazole-resistant, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria) present in secondary effluent was investigated. Artificial solar radiation was effective in inactivating the majority of environmental bacteria, however, the proportion of strains with ciprofloxacin-resistance and rifampicin-resistance increased in the surviving populations.

Syntrophic effect of indigenous and inoculated microorganisms in the leaching of rare earth elements from Western Australian monazite.

The unique physiochemical properties exhibited by rare earth elements (REEs) and their increasing application in high-tech industries has created a demand for secure supply lines with established recovery procedures that create minimal environmental damage. Bioleaching experiments conducted on a non-sterile monazite concentrate with a known phosphate solubilising microorganism (PSM) resulted in greater mobilisation of REEs into solution in comparison to experiments conducted on sterile monazite. By combining the native consortia with an introduced PSM, a syntrophic effect between the populations effectively leached a greater amount of REEs than either a single PSM or the indigenous population alone.

Photodegradation of sulfathiazole under simulated sunlight: Kinetics, photo-induced structural rearrangement, and antimicrobial activities of photoproducts.

Photolysis is a core natural process impacting the fate of some sulfonamide antibiotics in sunlit waters. In this study, sunlight-induced phototransformation of sulfathiazole was investigated. A photolytic quantum yield of 0.

Interactions of phosphate solubilising microorganisms with natural rare-earth phosphate minerals: a study utilizing Western Australian monazite.

Many microbial species are capable of solubilising insoluble forms of phosphate and are used in agriculture to improve plant growth. In this study, we apply the use of known phosphate solubilising microbes (PSM) to the release of rare-earth elements (REE) from the rare-earth phosphate mineral, monazite. Two sources of monazite were used, a weathered monazite and mineral sand monazite, both from Western Australia.

Roles of singlet oxygen and dissolved organic matter in self-sensitized photo-oxidation of antibiotic norfloxacin under sunlight irradiation.

Many fluoroquinolone (FLQ) antibiotics undergo rapid photodegradation in sunlit waters and form multifaceted photo-products. The high photodegradation rate is primarily ascribed to their photosensitizing properties. Though widely studied, the photo-reaction pathways are not completely revealed; photo-products mediated by different reactive oxygen species are not identified.

Photobleaching-induced changes in photosensitizing properties of dissolved organic matter.

Photosensitizing properties of different dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated according to their performance in singlet oxygen ((1)O2), triplet state of DOM ((3)DOM*), and hydroxyl radical (·OH) productions. The photobleaching of DOM solutions after irradiation was characterized by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photosensitizing properties of pre-irradiated DOM solutions were changed in a sunlight simulator.

Sunlight-induced inactivation of human Wa and porcine OSU rotaviruses in the presence of exogenous photosensitizers.

Human rotavirus Wa and porcine rotavirus OSU solutions were irradiated with simulated solar UV and visible light in the presence of different photosensitizers dissolved in buffered solutions. For human rotavirus, the exogenous effects were greater than the endogenous effects under irradiation with full spectrum and UVA and visible light at 25 °C. For porcine rotavirus, the exogenous effects with UVA and visible light irradiation were only observed at high temperatures, >40 °C.

Roles of singlet oxygen and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter formed by different organic matters in bacteriophage MS2 inactivation.

Inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter ((3)DOM*) produced by irradiation of natural and synthetic sensitizers with simulated sunlight of wavelengths greater than 320 nm was investigated. Natural sensitizers included purified DOM isolates obtained from wastewater and river waters, and water samples collected from Singapore River, Stamford Canal, and Marina Bay Reservoir in Singapore. Linear correlations were found between MS2 inactivation rate constants (kobs) and the photo-induced reaction rate constants of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP), a probe compound shown to react mainly with (3)DOM*.