Recent advances and perspectives in synthetic applications of silylboronates as silyl radical precursors.

Silylboronates, as powerful and versatile reagents, have been widely used in synthetic chemistry over the past few decades, due to their ability to incorporate silicon and boron atoms into organic molecules. With the rapid development of radical chemistry, the use of silylboronates as silyl radical precursors has recently become a research focus in organic synthesis. Significant achievements have been made in the synthetic applications of silylboronates as silyl radical sources for various C-Si and C-X bond forming transformations.

Robotic-Assisted Versus Open Hemi-Hepatectomy: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Introduction: The robotic-assisted surgical system has been widely used in hepatectomy. However, the effectiveness and feasibility of robotic-assisted hemi-hepatectomy (RH) has not been well-documented.

Methods: Patients who underwent RH or open hemi-hepatectomy (OH) performed by a single surgeon at our hospital between January 2010 and August 2023 were included in this study.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C Facilitates Malignant Behavior of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Regulating SREBP1 Mediated Lipid Metabolism.

Lipid metabolism reprogramming stands as a fundamental hallmark of cancer cells. Unraveling the core regulators of lipid biosynthesis holds the potential to find promising therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, it is demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC) orchestrated lipid metabolism, thereby facilitated the malignant progression of PDAC.

N6-methyladenosine modified TGFB2 triggers lipid metabolism reprogramming to confer pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma gemcitabine resistance.

Gemcitabine resistance is a major obstacle to the effectiveness of chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, new strategies are needed to sensitize cancer cells to gemcitabine. Here, we constructed gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells and analyzed them with RNA-sequence.

Beneficial Effects of Concomitant Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics on Time to Rehospitalization in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Receiving Clozapine: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to assess the association between long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic prescription and the risk of psychiatric hospitalization in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) receiving clozapine. In this retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary psychiatric center, we analyzed rehospitalization hazard ratios (HRs) in refractory schizophrenia patients, classified by and criteria. We examined various psychotropic regimens-clozapine with or without other oral antipsychotics (OAPs) or LAI antipsychotics.

EPA and DHA Alleviated Chronic Dextran Sulfate Sodium Exposure-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice and Potential Mechanisms Involved.

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have higher rates of depression. However, the mechanism of depression development remains unclear. The improvements of EPA and DHA on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC have been verified.

CSNK2A1 confers gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via inducing autophagy.

Gemcitabine, a pivotal chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), frequently encounters drug resistance, posing a significant clinical challenge with implications for PDAC patient prognosis. In this study, employing an integrated approach involving bioinformatic analyses from multiple databases, we unveil CSNK2A1 as a key regulatory factor. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model further substantiates the critical role of CSNK2A1 in gemcitabine resistance within the context of PDAC.

SUMO specific peptidase 3 halts pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis via deSUMOylating DKC1.

In the past few decades, advances in the outcomes of patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have lagged behind these gained in the treatment of many other malignancies. Although the pivotal role of the SUMO pathway in PDAC has been illustrated, the underlying molecule drivers have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified SENP3 as a potential suppressor of PDAC progression through an in vivo metastatic model.

Valproate-related neutropenia and lithium-related leukocytosis in patients treated with clozapine: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Neutropenia is a noteworthy side effect of clozapine, which might warrant this drugs' discontinuance for safety. Studies have revealed that the risk of neutropenia increases with concurrent administration of valproate, but the evidence was limited. Conversely, lithium may have an ameliorating effect on clozapine-induced neutropenia.

Sulfonyl-PYBOX Ligands Enable Kinetic Resolution of α-Tertiary Azides by CuAAC.

We report the first highly selective kinetic resolution of racemic α-chiral azides via Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Newly developed pyridine-bisoxazoline (PYBOX) ligands, bearing a C4 sulfonyl group, enable effective kinetic resolution of racemic azides derived from privileged scaffolds such as indanone, cyclopentenone, and oxindole, and their asymmetric CuAAC to afford α-tertiary 1,2,3-triazoles with high to excellent ee values. DFT calculations and control experiments reveal that the C4 sulfonyl group decreases the Lewis basicity of the ligand and increases the electrophilicity of the copper center for better recognition of azides, and functions as a shielding group to make the chiral pocket of the catalyst more effective.

A highly efficient metal-free selective 1,4-addition of difluoroenoxysilanes to chromones.

A highly efficient metal-free selective 1,4-addition reaction of difluoroenoxysilanes to chromones was developed using the low-cost and readily available HOTf as the catalyst, which is a facile and straightforward method to access valuable C2-difluoroalkylated chroman-4-one derivatives. Interestingly, the products could be readily converted to the difluorinated bioisostere of the natural product ()-2,6-dimethylchroman-4-one and a difluorinated benzo-seven-membered heterocycle the Schmidt rearrangement reaction. In addition, the anti-proliferative activities of these synthesized derivatives against human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116) revealed that compound 3g exhibited potent inhibitory effect on HCT116 cancer cells with an IC value of 6.

Imatinib facilitates gemcitabine sensitivity by targeting epigenetically activated PDGFC signaling in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy has become one of the main modalities of its management. However, gemcitabine resistance frequently occurs, leading to failure of PDAC therapy.

Me(CHCl)SiCF Facilitated Tandem Synthesis of Oxasilacycles Featuring a Trifluoromethyl Group.

An unprecedented tandem trifluoromethylsilylation/intramolecular S2 substitution sequence was realized by using bifunctional reagent Me(CHCl)SiCF, allowing efficient construction of valuable trifluoromethylated oxasilacyclohexanes that are difficult to access by known methods. Initial attempts into developing asymmetric variant reveal that using cinchonine-derived dimeric PTC catalyst could afford chiral oxasilacyclohexanes in up to 92% enantiomeric excess.

Time to Rehospitalization for Different Oral Risperidone Dosing Frequencies in Patients With Schizophrenia: A 17-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed at determining whether the daily administration pattern of risperidone influences time to rehospitalization in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have related more frequent dosing to poor medication adherence. This causes suboptimal disease control, which entails shorter times between hospital admissions.

Evaluating the adequacy of nodal status in node-negative gallbladder cancer with T1b-T2 stages: use of nodal staging score.

Background: The study aimed at establishing a nodal staging score (NSS) to quantify the likelihood that pathologic node-negative gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients are indeed free of lymph node (LN) metastasis.

Methods: Clinicopathological data of 1374 GBC patients with T1b-T2 stages were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database (design cohort [DC], n = 1289) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (validation cohort [VC], n = 85). NSS was derived from the count of examined LNs (ELNs) and T stage by using a beta-binomial model, and represented the probability that a node-negative patient is correctly staged.

Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of non-randomized and randomized controlled trials.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been widely applied in many surgical specialties. However, with respect to the impact of ERAS on pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), there still exist some controversies.

Methods: Literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from January, 1990 to July, 2019.

[Unique characteristics of "the second brain" - The enteric nervous system].

Enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of intestinal submucosal and myenteric plexuses. ENS may independently regulate intestinal digestive and absorptive function, and it is also known as "the second brain" or gut brain. ENS has significant specificity relative to central nervous system (CNS) in properties and functional activities of neurons and neural circuits.

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide acts at prejunctional adenosine A1 receptors to suppress inhibitory musculomotor neurotransmission in guinea pig colon and human jejunum.

Intracellular microelectrodes were used to record neurogenic inhibitory junction potentials in the intestinal circular muscle coat. Electrical field stimulation was used to stimulate intramural neurons and evoke contraction of the smooth musculature. Exposure to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) did not alter smooth muscle membrane potential in guinea pig colon or human jejunum.

Neurochemical phenotype and function of endomorphin 2-immunopositive neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat colon.

The distribution and activity of endomorphins (EMs), which are endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) ligands in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), are yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to shed light on this topic. EM2 was expressed in the enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus of the mid-colon.

Innervation of enteric mast cells by primary spinal afferents in guinea pig and human small intestine.

Mast cells express the substance P (SP) neurokinin 1 receptor and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor in guinea pig and human small intestine. Enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that activation of intramural afferents by antidromic electrical stimulation or by capsaicin released SP and CGRP from human and guinea pig intestinal segments. Electrical stimulation of the afferents evoked slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the enteric nervous system.

Dietary glutamate: interactions with the enteric nervous system.

Background/aims: Digestion of dietary protein elevates intraluminal concentrations of glutamate in the small intestine, some of which gain access to the enteric nervous system (ENS). Glutamate, in the central nervous system (CNS), is an excitatory neurotransmitter. A dogma that glutamatergic neurophysiology in the ENS recapitulates CNS glutamatergic function persists.

Mast cell expression of the serotonin1A receptor in guinea pig and human intestine.

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is released from enterochromaffin cells in the mucosa of the small intestine. We tested a hypothesis that elevation of 5-HT in the environment of enteric mast cells might degranulate the mast cells and release mediators that become paracrine signals to the enteric nervous system, spinal afferents, and secretory glands. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and pharmacological analysis were used to study expression of 5-HT receptors by mast cells in the small intestine and action of 5-HT to degranulate the mast cells and release histamine in guinea pig small intestine and segments of human jejunum discarded during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries.